Malaria Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Malaria There are a great number of diseases that are endemic in many of the poorer, developing nations due to the lack of sanitation and disease prevention programs in these areas. The steady increase of malaria epidemics in many of the African countries is a point of great concern, because this continent is home to 90% of the world’s total cases of this particular disease. Malaria gets its name from â€Å"mal aria,† meaning bad air, because patients used to blame the sudden illness on the poor air quality of the nearby swamps. Scientists now know that malaria is a parasitic infection caused by a single-celled protozoan, Plasmodium. Of the four types of this parasite, Plasmodium falciparum is recognized as the most dangerous and lethal string that infects human beings. The female Anopheles mosquito transmits the disease through its saliva, and the protozoan enters the bloodstream and is carried to the liver. The indications of the illness can appear within a week of the exposure or it can take up to a year for the effects to become noticeable. Malaria has many flu-like symptoms, such as headache, fever, nausea, vomiting, sweating, tiredness, and general muscle pain. These characteristics are attributed to many forms of illness, which can prove difficult in the diagnosis of this serious disease early enough for effective treatmen t. The treatment of malaria is commonly administered in the form of a DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) antibiotic. This drug works to eliminate the parasite from the patients blood stream and, therefore, limit the chance of communicating the disease and infecting other people. The drug also significantly reduces the frequency of severity of the patient’s symptoms... ...d Pestilence: From Ancient Times to the Present, Rev. Ed. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 2001. This article was an updated history of African malaria outbreaks and the specific causes of and reactions to these epidemics. â€Å"Malaria.† CDC Division of Parasitic Diseases Information. 3 Mar. 2002. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 5 Oct. 2002 . This site gave important information about precautions that travelers should take before going to high-risk areas of the world. â€Å"Malaria Facts.† NIAID Quickfacts Page. 17 Sept. 2002. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH. 6 Oct. 2002 . This NIH site provides an in-depth look at the infection/spread of malaria with multiple links for additional information.

Porters Five Force Analysis for Paint Industry

1. Concepcion-Carrier Air Conditioning Company Formed in January 1998, Concepcion-Carrier Air Conditioning Company (CCAC) brings together two leaders in the air conditioning industry: Carrier Corporation of the United States and Concepcion Industries, Inc. of the Philippines. In just a few years, CCAC expanded from manufacturing window room air conditioners to becoming the market leader in virtually all categories of Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) equipment and services in the country. CCAC brings to the Philippine market Carrier Corporation's long tradition of innovation and product excellence.It has the Philippines' largest air conditioning facility that makes an wide range of products of outstanding quality, and is recognized by customers abroad, who source from it products proudly Philippine-made. Carrier products are designed in engineering centers and manufacturing facilities located worldwide. Spread across six continents, Carrier's global operations make it the largest manufacturer of air conditioning, heating, ventilation and refrigeration products. It is supported by a vast network of distributors, dealers, retailers, and technicians who sell, install and service Carrier products in over 170 countries.A heritage of technological innovation. Leadership in responsible environmental stewardship. Carrier Corporation and CCAC – creating environments for life. Worldwide. * Concepcion Industries, Inc is a maker of electrical appliances such as air conditioning equipment and refrigerators. The company is based in the  Philippines  and was founded in the 1960s. The company is known for its several notable brands that include  Carrier,  Condura, and  Kelvinator. * Carrier in 1902, Willis Haviland Carrier designed the world's first air-conditioning system.This single achievement made it possible for people to live, work, study, shop, travel, or play in worry-free indoor comfort. Today, Carrier continues to build on the pioneeri ng spirit of its founder. With manufacturing, sales, and service operations in more than 170 countries, Carrier is the world's leading heating, ventilation and air-conditioning company. It leads in developing a constantly growing array of innovative products – all designed to meet the exacting needs of its customers around the world, while leading the rest of the industry in forging higher standards of stewardship over the environment. . Panasonic Manufacturing Philippines Corporation (PMPC) A manufacturer, importer and distributor of electronic, electrical, mechanical, electro-mechanical appliances, other types of machines, parts and components, battery and related products bearing the brand name, â€Å"Panasonic†. At present, the primary products manufactured by PMPC are refrigerators, air conditioners, washing machines, electric fans, dry cell batteries and flashlights.Consequently, through its sales division, Panasonic Philippines (PPh), PMPC Continually strives to expand its sales, service and distribution networks to make Panasonic products and service conveniently available to its consumers. In October 2003, PMPC ceased using â€Å"National† Brand and Unified the branding of all its products under the Panasonic brand. PMPC, formerly known as Matsushita Electric Philippines Corporation, changed its corporate name to Panasonic Manufacturing Philippines Corporation and officially started using it on April 1, 2005 along with its continuing commitment to customer satisfaction and service to society.Since an enterprise uses society's resources – people, capital, real estate, community services – PMPC believes that it started out and remains indebted to society. Along this premise, the company recognizes that the primary role of its business is to serve society in return for the use of its resources and thus devotes its business activities to the progress and development of society and the well being of the people. This commi tment serves as guidance for PMPC in carrying out its operation and corporate activities. 3. Koppel, Inc. 957 marked the year when the company started manufacturing splits and packaged type air-conditioners. The years that ensued saw Koppel as the preferred brand of choice among industry consultants and the undisputed market leader in the industry. The company continued its growth and maximized its sales volume, growing its products and improving its services, making Koppel the by-word in all air conditioning requirements across the country. In January 2000, Koppel was acquired from Asea Brown Boveri (ABB) by Fedders Corporation.By then, the company has expanded its product line-up to include not just the commercial and industrial segments, but to tap the growing retail market through  residential air conditioners. Last September 2008, the company has been acquired by KPL Inc. , a local company which is keen on tapping the dynamic aircon market. As Koppel, Inc. , the company is fo cused in strengthening its core competency in the packaged business and advancing its technological capability by sourcing strategic products in the projects and industrial applications.To date, Koppel is the second largest aircon manufacturer in the Philippines, servicing aircon requirements across the country for over 50 years. Its rich heritage in providing high-quality and reliable aircon products is a testament to Koppel’s commitment to service all its customers nationwide, from its centrally-located office in Paranaque to its full-service branch  offices  in Cebu and Davao. For 2009, Koppel, Inc. has expanded its product range to include eco-friendly products that dramatically reduce our  energy consumption.The company continues to challenge itself with ways to help reduce our  carbon footprints and in the long run, protect our fragile environment. 4. Hitachi Air Conditioning Philippines, Inc. Established on March 02, 2000 with a capital fund of 20,285,000 pesos . Mainly engage on the manufacture and sale on wholesale basis of Home Appliances and air conditioners. nvestment for Hitachi Air Conditioning Sales is 85% financed by Taiwan Hitachi Co. ,Ltd. and 15% by Hitachi Life and Solutions, Inc. Hitachi Air Conditioning Sales (Phils. ) Inc. ells air conditioning products like the Self-Contained Air Conditioners,Air-cooling Chiller Unit, Room Air Conditioners, Packaged Air Conditioner,Fan Coil Unit, and Dehumidifier, washing machines and refrigerators which are distributed in the domestic market. The merger between the two companies, Taiwan Hitachi (Subic), Inc. and Hitachi Air Conditioning Sales (Phils. ), gave way to better opportunities for Hitachi air conditioning products and home appliances to be introduced to a wider range in the market both domestic and global. . KOLIN Philippines International, Inc. A consistent major player in the industry, that is committed to produce, innovate, and distribute world class home appliances and servic e, molded by competence and dedication to quality after-sales-service, guided by moral and ethical business principle. Contributes to the development, growth and upliftment of the welfare of its employees, shareholders, customers and suppliers. Genuinely committed in supporting community endeavors in the preservation of the environment.

Tft2 Cyberlaw, Regulations, and Compliance - 1320 Words

Running Head: Policy Statements 1 Policy Statements Kevin Corey Western Governors University Policy Statements 2 Internationally security techniques and standards, such as ISO 17799, establish guidelines that organizations must implement in order to maintain information security. Information must be protected from those without a readily need to know to perform organizational business functions. Unauthorized access to information can have a detrimental impact on an organization from a legal and operating perspective. One of the primary preventive controls that provide an organization with many operational benefits is continuous log management policies. In addition to helping solve network security related issues, logs†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ †¢ †¢ Policy Statements †¢ †¢ 3 NIST SP 800-53, Provides security and information assurance controls connected to the retention, inspection, and protection of log management records. NIST SP 800-66 helps direct professionals on implementing HIPAA security standards and stresses the need to perform mandatory audit log reviews. The regulation also cites that action documentation of reviews should be maintained for six years. Information security and HIPAA policies should cover all the necessary access and control measures needed to secure information system resources and deter, shield and protect the organization from security breaches. The scenario demonstrates that the organizations overall information security posture is poor. The HIPAA, remote access and retention policies within the information management division need to be addressed due to the healthcare organizations legal obligation to ensure the privacy of protected information. Security safeguards can be addressed through vigilance and the implementation logical and administrative access controls. Properly administered HIPAA Privacy and remote access policies would not only help alleviate but quickly identify 3 undocumented accounts with global remote access. HIPAA security standards require any user with access to protected health information have a documented need to

Medusa Quotes - What do writers say about Medusa

Medusa was  a monstrous being in Greek mythology, with a mass of snakes coming out of her head. According to legend, anyone who looked directly at Medusa would turn to stone. Perseus, a slayer of monsters, beheaded Medusa with a mirror given to him by the Greek gods so that he would not have to look at her. Over the centuries, famous writers as varied as Sigmund Freud and Ray Bradbury to Charlotte Bronte have mentioned Medusa in their poems, novels and general quotes. Below are some of the most memorable quotes from writers who alluded to this mythological figure. Literary Quotes Did I escape, I wonder? / My mind winds to you / Old barnacled umbilicus, Atlantic cable, / Keeping itself, it seems, in a state of miraculous / repair. - Sylvia Plath, Medusa This 1962 poem, which Plath wrote about her mother shortly before committing suicide in 1963, evokes the image of a jellyfish, whose tentacles are almost impossible to escape. The poem is a companion piece to Daddy, a work of exorcism in which she distanced herself from her dead father’s influence, according to Don Tresca, a scholar writing on the MuseMedusa. I thought Medusa had looked at you, and that you were turning to stone. Perhaps now you will ask how much you are worth? - Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre Jayne Eyre, the novels protagonist and narrator in this 1847 classic work of literature, is talking to  her clergyman cousin, St. John Rivers. Eyre had just learned about the death of her beloved uncle, and Rivers was commenting about how emotionless Eyre seemed to be after she heard the sad news. What thus snaky-headed Gorgon-shield / That wise Minerva wore, unconquered virgin, / Wherewith she  freezed  her foes to congealed stone, / But rigid looks of chaste austerity, / And noble grace that dashed brute violence / With sudden adoration and blank awe! - John Milton, Comus Milton, a famous 17th-century poet, is using the Medusa image to explain the importance of maintaining chastity, which is the subject of Comus.  According to myth, Medusa was a virgin until she was raped by the Greek god Poseidon in Athenas temple. Medusa Quotes in Popular Culture The television, that insidious beast, that Medusa which freezes a billion people to stone every night, staring fixedly, that Siren which called and sang and promised so much and gave, after all, so little.- Ray Bradbury The late science fiction writer, who died in 2012, is clearly calling television an idiot box that turns billions of people who gaze upon it nightly into stone. The terror of the Medusa is thus a terror of castration that is linked to the sight of something. The hair upon the Medusas head is frequently represented in works of art in the form of snakes, and these once again are derived from the castration complex. - Sigmund Freud Freud, the famous father of psychoanalysis, was using Medusas snakes to explain his theory of castration anxiety. You read any Greek myths, puppy? The one about the gorgon Medusa, particularly? I used to wonder what could be so terrible that you couldnt survive even looking at it. Until I got a little older and I figured out the obvious answer. Everything. -   Mike Carey and Peter Gross,  The Unwritten, Vol. 1: Tommy Taylor and the Bogus Identity This work is actually a comic book that uses imagery from Harry Potter to ancient mythology to tell the tale of its protagonist Tommy Taylor, the  former model for the boy hero of his father Wilson’s 13 fantasy novels. Taylor uses the Medusa image as a metaphor for his difficulties facing the realities of life. MORE RESOURCES Medusa - Sylvia PlathGorgon Quotes

The Success Of The City Of Detroit - 1575 Words

The city of Detroit was the city of opportunity, wealth and place where anyone could pursue their American dream. In early 1910’s innovative inventor, Henry Ford brought automobile industry into american soil. First and biggest factories of automobile manufacturing was opened in several places in Detroit. Detroit became third biggest city in the United States with largest population during 1950s. Automobile manufacturing was the base of Detroit’s economy for decades. However, today its not like it was before. During 20th to 21st century auto industry had many highs and lows but overall had collapsed completely. While Detroit’s officials though that they settled the economy for a long run, the unexpected change in the city’s profit destroyed the economic system. Detroit which once was mecca for middle class workers, who were pursuing their American Dream had major economical collapse due to miscalculation of revenue, which also led to failure of education system and decline in diversity. Detroit’s economy was build on manufacturing in automobile industry which made Detroit third biggest and richest city of United States, but had great decline in economy when Detroit lost all the manufacturing and investors during late 20th century. During first years of introduction to automobile manufacturing by inventor Henry Ford, Detroit had economical boom. Detroit was home to automobile, steam motor and home appliance manufacturing, cigar production and pharmaceuticals. When HenryShow MoreRelatedThe Road to Bankruptcy of Detroit City Essays615 Words   |  3 Pagesit is inevitable ~ Jamaica Kincaid Founded in 1701 by nearly 100 French settlers, Pontchartrain du Detroit was not doomed to bankruptcy. 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Business Tourism Board

Question: Discuss about the Report for Business Tourism Board. Answer: Purpose of the report The prime purpose of this report is to identify and discuss the various importance as well as value of tourism board. Recommendations Having such efficient and dedicated board of directors, the tourism board is nearly perfect with its working procedure, though there are some aspects that should be improved. It includes different classes of managers from a particular board like Attending the meeting regularly, Involvement of Equity, Skill of the board of members and many others. Quality of Board directors It is crucial to maintain the better quality of board and administrators for making a business better ("Board of Directors", 2011). Some of the qualities of the board members are mentioned below. Skills of Board member The primary importance of using well-skilled board members is to improve the business growth. Consistent meeting and attendance It is introduced to meet a communication between all stakeholders and shareholders of the company. Regular attendance and meeting are mandatory to make the business better(Kim Nofsinger, 2007). It is mandatory to make the regular meeting and attendance for improving a business better. Board member age and equality involvement Age signifies experience, which means an older member of the board has more knowledge on the work than a young member. Conclusion From the above study it is quite clear that the tourism board is something that is really very important and the factors that affect the board externally and internally. Thus it must be admitted that the board have to depend on the mentioned aspects and all the mentioned points are integral parts of the tourism board. References Board of Directors. (2011).Neuroimage,54, S4. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(10)01489-8 Kim, K. Nofsinger, J. (2007).Corporate governance. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson/Prentice Hall.

Optimal LDL cholesterol levels Essay Example

Optimal LDL cholesterol levels Paper Dyslipidemia came from the words â€Å"dys-â€Å" plus â€Å"lipid† which means fat and â€Å"-emia† which means in the blood. Altogether it means essentially, disordered lipids in the blood. According to Merck Co. 2008, Dyslipidemia is a disorder of lipoprotein metabolism, including lipoprotein overproduction or deficiency. Dyslipidemias may be manifested by elevation of the total cholesterol, the bad low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and the triglyceride concentrations, and a decrease in the good high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration in the blood. Dyslipidemia is a condition wherein it comes under consideration in many situations including diabetes, a common cause of lipidemia. For adults with diabetes, it has been recommended that the levels of LDL, HDL, and total cholesterol, and triglyceride be measured every year. Optimal LDL cholesterol levels for adults with diabetes are less than 100 mg/dL (2. 60 mmol/L), optimal HDL cholesterol levels are e4qual to or greater than 40 mg/dL (1. 02 mmol/L), and desirable triglyceride levels are less than 150 mg/dL (1. 7 mmol/L). Dyslipidemias were traditionally classified by patterns of elevation in lipids and lipoproteins. A more practical system categorizes dyslipidemias as primary or secondary and characterizes them by increases in cholesterol only (pure or isolated hypercholesterolemia), increases in TGs only (pure or isolated hypertriglyceridemia), or increases in both cholesterol and TGs (mixed or combined hyperlipidemias). This system does not take into account specific lipoprotein abnormalities (eg, low HDL or high LDL) that may contribute to disease despite normal cholesterol and TG levels. Dyslipidemia is a condition marked by abnormal concentrations of lipids or lipoproteins in the blood. (Merriam- Webster’s Medical Dictionary 2006) We will write a custom essay sample on Optimal LDL cholesterol levels specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Optimal LDL cholesterol levels specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Optimal LDL cholesterol levels specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Primary cause of dyslipidemia are single or multiple genetic mutations that result in either overproduction or defective clearance of TG and LDL cholesterol, or in underproduction or excessive clearance of HDL Primary lipid disorders are suspected when a patient has physical signs of dyslipidemia, onset of premature atherosclerotic disease less than 60 years old, a family history of atherosclerotic disease, or serum cholesterol 240 mg/dL ( 6. 2 mmol/L). Primary disorders, the most common cause of dyslipidemia in children, do not cause a large percentage of cases in adults. The names of many reflect an old nomenclature in which lipoproteins were detected and distinguished by how they separated into ? (HDL) and ? (LDL) bands on electrophoretic gels. The Secondary cause of this disease contributes to most cases of dyslipidemia in adults. The most significant secondary cause in developed countries is a sedentary lifestyle with excessive dietary intake of saturated fat, cholesterol, and trans fatty acids (TFAs). TFAs are polyunsaturated fatty acids to which hydrogen atoms have been added; they are commonly used in many processed foods and are as atherogenic as saturated fat. Other frequent secondary causes include diabetes mellitus, alcohol overuse, chronic renal insufficiency and/or failure, hypothyroidism, primary biliary cirrhosis and other cholestatic liver diseases, and drugs, such as thiazides, ? -blockers, retinoids, highly active antiretroviral agents, estrogen and progestins, and glucocorticoids. Diabetes is most common significant secondary cause because patients tend to have an atherogenic arrangement of high TGs; high small, dense LDL fractions; and low HDLs (diabetic dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemic hyperapo B). Patients with type 2 diabetes are especially at risk. The combination may be a consequence of obesity and/or poor control of diabetes, which may increase circulating FFAs, leading to increased hepatic VLDL production. TG-rich VLDL then transfers TG and cholesterol to LDL and HDL, promoting formation of TG-rich, small, dense LDL and clearance of TG-rich HDL. Diabetic dyslipidemia is often exacerbated by the increased caloric intake and physical inactivity that characterize the lifestyles of some patients with type 2 diabetes. Women with diabetes may be at exceptional risk for cardiac disease from this form. B. Signs and Symptoms Dyslipidemia itself can cause no symptoms but can lead to symptomatic vascular disease, including coronary artery disease and peripheral arterial disease. High TGs ( 1000 mg/dL [ 11. 3 mmol/L]) can cause acute pancreatitis. Extremely high levels of LDL can cause eyelid xanthelasmas; arcus corneae; and tendinous xanthomas found at the Achilles, elbow, and knee tendons and over metacarpophalangeal joints. Patients with the homozygous form of familial hypercholesterolemia may have the above findings plus planar or cutaneous xanthomas. Patients with severe elevations of TGs can have eruptive xanthomas over the trunk, back, elbows, buttocks, knees, hands, and feet. Patients with the rare dysbetalipoproteinemia can have palmar and tuberous xanthomas. Another one is severe hypertriglyceridemia which is ( 2000 mg/dL [ 22. 6 mmol/L]) it can give retinal arteries and veins a creamy white appearance (lipemia retinalis). Extremely high lipid levels also give a lactescent (milky) appearance to blood plasma. Dyslipidemias are usually asymptomatic; it may cause xanthelesmas and xanthelamata, and after a prolonged period it may result into Ischemic heart disease, Peripheral vascular disease, Cerebrovasular disease and kidney disease C. Physical Exam Findings It is usually diagnosed by measuring serum lipids, though it may be suspected in patients with characteristic physical findings. Routine measurements also known as lipid profile, includes total cholesterol (TC), TGs, HDL, and LDL. TC, TGs, and HDL are measured directly; TC and TG values reflect cholesterol and TGs in all circulating lipoproteins, including chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL, and HDL. TC values vary by 10% and TGs by up to 25% day-to-day even in the absence of disease. TC and HDL can be measured in the nonfasting state, but most patients should have all lipids measured while fasting for maximum accuracy and consistency. Testing of the disease should be postponed until after resolution of acute illness, because TGs increase and cholesterol levels decrease in inflammatory states. Lipid profiles are generally reliable within the first 24 h after an acute MI but then change. LDL values are most often calculated as the amount of cholesterol not contained in HDL and VLDL, where VLDL is estimated by TG ? 5; ie, LDL = TC ? [HDL + (TGs ? 5)] (Friedewald formula). VLDL cholesterol is estimated by TG ? 5 because the cholesterol concentration in VLDL particles is usually 1? 5 of the total lipid in the particle. This calculation is valid only when TGs are 400 mg/dL and patients are fasting, because eating increases TGs. The calculated LDL value incorporates measures of all non-HDL, nonchylomicron cholesterol, including that in IDL and Lp(a). LDL can also be measured directly using plasma ultracentrifugation, which separates chylomicrons and VLDL fractions from HDL and LDL, and by an immunoassay method. Direct measurement may be useful in some patients with elevated TGs to determine if LDL levels are also high, but these direct measurements are not routinely necessary. The role of apo B testing is under study because values reflect all non-HDL cholesterol (in VLDL, VLDL remnants, IDL, and LDL) and may be more predictive of coronary artery disease (CAD) risk than LDL alone. (Brunner Suddhart’s Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing 10th edition 2004) A fasting lipid profile (TC, TGs, HDL, and calculated LDL) should be obtained in all adults ? 20 yr and should be repeated q 5 yr. Lipid measurement should be accompanied by assessment of other cardiovascular risk factors, defined as diabetes mellitus, cigarette use, hypertension, and family history of CAD in a male 1st-degree relative before age 55 or a female 1st-degree relative before age 65. A definite age after which patients no longer require screening has not been established, but evidence supports screening of patients into their 80s, especially in the presence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Indications for screening patients 20 yr are atherosclerotic risk factors, such as diabetes, hypertension, cigarette smoking, and obesity; premature CAD in a parent, grandparent, or sibling; or a cholesterol level 240 mg/dL ( 6. 2 mmol/L) or known dyslipidemia in a parent. If information on relatives is unavailable, as in the case of adopted children, screening is at the discretion of the health care practitioner. Patients with premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular disease with normal or near-normal lipid levels, an extensive family history of heart disease, or high LDL refractory to drug therapy should probably have Lp(a) levels measured. Lp(a) levels may also be directly measured in patients with borderline high LDL to determine if drug therapy is warranted. C-reactive protein and homocysteine measurement may be considered in the same populations. Tests for secondary causes of dyslipidemia—including measurements of fasting glucose, liver enzymes, creatinine, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and urinary protein—should be performed in most patients with newly diagnosed dyslipidemia, and when a component of the lipid profile has inexplicably changed for the worse. D. Treatment Prognosis The prognosis of this disease varies with lipid levels and other cardiovascular risk factors. Treatment for dyslipidemia is indicated for all patients with cardiovascular disease (secondary prevention) and for some without (primary prevention). The National Institutes of Healths National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII) guidelines are the most common reference for deciding which adults should be treated The guidelines focus primarily on reducing elevated LDL levels and secondarily on treating high TGs, low HDL, and metabolic syndrome (see Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome: Metabolic Syndrome). An alternate treatment guide (the Sheffield table) uses TC: HDL ratios combined with presence of CAD risk factors to predict cardiovascular risk, but this approach probably leads to undertreatment. E. Bibliography Anne Hackman, MD; Yasunori Abe, MD; William Insull, Jr, MD; Henry Pownall, PhD; Louis Smith, PhD; Kay Dunn, PhD; Antonio M. Gotto, Jr, MD, DPhil; Christie M. Ballantyne, MD; 1996 Levels of Soluble Cell Adhesion Molecules in Patients With Dyslipidemia; Circulation. 1996;93:1334-1338 Brunner Suddhart’s Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing 10th edition 2004 Frick MH, Elo O, Haapa K, Heinonen OP, Heinsalmi P, Helo P, Huttunen JK, Kaitaniemi P, Koskinen P, Manninen V 1987 Nov 12;317(20):1237-45. Helsinki Heart Study: primary-prevention trial with gemfibrozil in middle-aged men with dyslipidemia. Safety of treatment, changes in risk factors, and incidence of coronary heart disease. et al. 1: N Engl J Med. Haffner SM 1998 Jan; 21(1):160-78. Management of dyslipidemia in adults with diabetes. PMID: 9538988 [PubMed indexed for MEDLINE] Jonathan Valabhji, Robert S Elkeles 2003; Dyslipidemia in Type 2 Diabetes: Epidemiology and Biochemistry Medicine Net, Inc. 1996-2008; Dyslipidemia definition: http://www. medterms. com/script/main/art. asp? articlekey=33979 Merck Manual Professional 1995-2008; Dyslipidemia: Lipid Disorders: http://www. merck. com/mmpe/sec12/ch159/ch159b. html Merriam- Webster’s Medical Dictionary 2006