The Impact of Price Changes on the Brand Equity of Toyota in Saudi Essay

The Impact of Price Changes on the Brand Equity of Toyota in Saudi Arabia - Essay Example .............................................................................................................. 5 Table of Contents .................................................................................................................. 6 1. Presentation ............................................................................................................... 8 1.1 Background of the Research Problem ........................................................... 9 1.2 Problem Statement ........................................................................................ 11 1.3 Aims or Purpose of this Study....................................................................... 12 1.4 Research Objectives ....................................................................................... 12 1.5 Research Questions ........................................................................................ 13 1.6 Significance of the Study ..................................... .......................................... 13 1.7 Rationale for Choosing the Research Topic.................................................. 13 1.8 Research Procedure ...................................................................................... ... ............................ 19 2.1 Conceptual Framework and Research Hypothesis ........................................ 20 2.1.1 Conceptual Framework .................................................................. 20 2.1.2 Research Hypothesis for Further Verification ............................... 22 2.2 Importance of Establishing Strong Brand Equity †¦.....†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 26 2.2.1 Brand Loyalty ................................................................................ 29 2.2.2 Brand Awareness ............................................................................ 34 2.2.3 Brand Association ........................................................................... 36 2.2.4 Perceived Brand Quality ................................................................. 39 2.3 Importance of Effective Pricing Strategy ...................................................... 41 2.4 Significance of Pricing over the Development of Bran d Equity †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...... 46 2.5 Significance of Price Changes on Consumer Behavior ............................... 49 2.6 Chapter Summary ....................................................................................... 53 3. Exploration Methodology ............................................................................................. 56 3.1 Research Hypothesis ..................................................................................... 3.2 Research Survey Questionnaire Design........................................................ 3.3 Target Population, Sample Size and Research Venue .................................. 3.4 Research Ethics ............................................................................................. 4. Exploration Findings and Analysis

Human Resources in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

HR in Business - Essay Example Tests are commonly seen as a more attractive to the determination choices, since they judge everybody on a similar premise, as opposed to being founded on tests and results taken years prior at college establishments. At the point when a competitor has finished a psychometric test, had passed a strong social meeting and character profile and has experienced a pretend introduction with the selection representative, the HR have made all fundamental progress they need so as to settle on a sensible choice about who to offer the position. They are cost-gainful in the long haul, on the grounds that are moderately modest and simple to regulate, on the grounds that the addressed are not observed by right answers. Be that as it may, giving input can be monotonous now and again, on the grounds that it requires focus and assessment, which takes additional time. Government sanctioned tests can regularly be emotional, on the grounds that various individuals see diversely test questions. Deciphering the inquiry depends to a more prominent degree on the social and instructive foundation, on its family esteems and individual mentality. Additionally brings about surveying applicants could be diverse relying upon the evaluator. This is along these lines, since while responding to the test questions, the applicants may be influenced by their present mind-sets, or being under pressure, so the standartization of the tests may not answays decipher the outcomes for the up-and-comers. Respondents can purposefully extend and depict themselves in a light totally different in the event that they had an eye to eye meet. A portion of the individuals can react to the inquiries in a manner that isn't veritable, suggests self-advancement and purposely leaves wrong impression to the enrollment specialist. There is a sure hazard required for the competitors when they need to connect with themselves in protracted tests, before they have the chance to initially talk about their job and employment position with the enrollment specialist. Overtiredness and loss of time, if the

My mom only had one eye

My mom only had one eye My mom only had one eye. I hated her She was such an embarrassment. She cooked for students and teachers to support the family.There was this one day during elementary school where my mom came to say hello to me. I was so embarrassed.How could she do this to me? I ignored her, threw her a hateful look and ran out. The next day at school one of my classmates said, EEEE, your mom only has one eye! I wanted to bury myself. I also wanted my mom to just disappear. I confronted her that day and said, If youre only gonna make me a laughing stock, why dont you just die?My mom did not respond I didnt even stop to think for a second about what I had said, because I was full of anger. I was oblivious to her feelings.I wanted out of that house, and have nothing to do with her. So I studied real hard, got a chance to go abroad to study.Then, I got married. I bought a house of my own. I had kids of my own. I was happy with my life, my kids and the comforts. Then one day, my Mother came to visit m e. She hadnt seen me in years and she didnt even meet her grandchildren.When she stood by the door, my children laughed at her, and I yelled at her for coming over uninvited. I screamed at her, How dare you come to my house and scare my children! GET OUT OF HERE! NOW!!!And to this, my mother quietly answered, Oh, Im so sorry. I may have gotten the wrong address. and she disappeared out of sight.One day, a letter regarding a school reunion came to my house. So I lied to my wife that I was going on a business trip. After the reunion, I went to the old shack just out of curiosity.My neighbors said that she died. I did not shed a single tear. They handed me a letter that she had wanted me to have.My dearest son,I think of you all the time. Im sorry that I came to your house and scared your children.I was so glad when I heard you were coming for the reunion. But I may not be able to even get out of bed to see you. Im sorry that I was a constant embarrassment to you when you were growing up.You see..when you were very little, you got into an accident, and lost your eye. As a mother, I couldnt stand watching you having to grow up with one eye. So I gave you mine.I was so proud of my son who was seeing a whole new world for me, in my place, with that eye.With all my love to you,Your mother.Author Unknown

Childhood Vaccines And Its Effects On Children - 1528 Words

Vaccinations have been widely discussed and debated about whether or not people should vaccinate their children. â€Å"Childhood vaccines offer protection from serious or potentially fatal diseases† (The Mayo Clinic, 2014)†. Vaccinations prevent diseases that can affect a child with symptoms of a cold or in some cases, the disease can be much more serious and can cause disability and death. The problem is that parents are choosing not to vaccinate their children against them. With choosing against vaccinating a child becoming a common occurrence, diseases that have been eradicated from the United States, are now starting to show back up in society. If there are no strict requirements on vaccinations, then diseases that have been dormant for decades from the U.S. will become into an epidemic. There are many reasons why parents state that they choose not to vaccinate their children. Some include religion, philosophical, and the possible connection to autism. These r easons have been proven to not be strong enough against the threat of the serious disease that vaccinations protect against. There are new regulations going into place, making it an educational and training process to the parents if they choose to not vaccinate their children. In addition to this, there are laws and regulations regarding who is liable in these situations. A child could possibly sue their parents or a third party could sue because they or someone in their family was affected from an infectedShow MoreRelatedEssay Vaccinations: Vaccines Should Be Mandatory For All People 1001 Words   |  5 Pagesadministered vaccines in 1796 (Health Affairs). Throughout history, vaccinations have become better to where they are safer for the human body. Everyone should get vaccinated against certain disease to stay healthy. Vaccines have been proven to make people immune to serious diseases (Childhood Immunization). By being vaccinated the person is not only helping themselves but others around them too. Vaccines are an important tool for preventing disease and should be mandatory for all people. Childhood vaccinesRead MoreMandatory Vaccination Should Be Mandatory Vaccinations1228 Words   |  5 Pagesreason to have mandatory vaccinations is that these vaccines are safe and approved by trusted medical organizations that give citizens advice on most other health issues. Because the vaccines are safe and trusted by professionals, there should be little resistance to having them be mandatory. Adverse reactions to vaccinations is a rare occurrence meaning there is minimal risk in implementing mandatory vaccinations. Also when children are given vaccines at a young age they will not have to pay to haveRead MoreChildhood Immunization Against 16 Pathogens1170 Words   |  5 Pagessupport for vaccinations in infants, children and teens. Vaccinations is one of the best ways parents can protect their children from 16 potentially harmful diseases. Some of these diseases are not only harmful to children but they highly contagious and can also be deadly. Furthermore, immunizations do a great job of preventing epidemics of these dangerous diseases spreading to the community. †¢ Vaccination can save children’s lives. Currently the CDC recommends childhood immunization against 16 pathogensRead MoreVaccinations Should Be Mandated For Everyone1053 Words   |  5 Pagespreventing these diseases. The main point for vaccines is to prepare a person’s immune system for any possible attack of a disease that comes in the future; a person’s body will be prepared to fight off the disease with the vaccine (â€Å"Basics†). Vaccines have the ability to prevent many cases of these diseases in advanced, but there are people who think vaccines are unnatural and should not be required for their children. It is said that immunity in child vaccines are about 90%-100%, which is an increaseRead MoreChildhood Vaccinations Essay1450 Words   |  6 Pagesthe controversy surrounding the morality, effectiveness, and safety of childhood immunizations. The major argument is whether or not laws should be established to declare vaccination mandatory for all children. â€Å"The US food and Drug administra tion (FDA) regulates all vaccines to ensure safety and effectiveness,† (ProCon.org, 2012) therefor there should not be any reason to risk the health of any child. Vaccinating our children not only ensures their safety but also that of their future to come. Read MoreEssay Childhood Vaccinations: A Game of Russian Roulette?1551 Words   |  7 PagesParents make sure their children get a proper diet, wear their bicycle helmet, and get enough sleep. Every parent wants to do what is best for their children and protect them from harm. No parent would allow their child to play with a loaded weapon, even with the safety on, and expect the best outcome. It would never happen. But it does. With every vaccine that is given, we are playing Russian roulette with our children’s lives. Childhood vaccinations have replaced common childhood illness as a â€Å"riteRead MoreThe Modern Era Of Childhood Immunizations Essay1750 Words   |  7 Pagesthe modern era of childhood immunizations, parents would have been surprised at the thought that future generations would be able to protect their children from many of the most serious childhood infectious diseases. The development of immunizations is fairly recent, but one of the greatest successes in medical history. Most parents in the United States understand how imperative childhood immunizations are, but there are some parents that still chose to not have their children immunized against theseRead MoreVaccinations And Its Effects On Children1712 Words   |  7 Pagesresearch will be on vaccines focusing on the benefits and its potentially adverse effects in children. Additionally this research will reveal if vaccines are linked to or are causes of other illnesses. Overall I intend to enlighten readers on not only the benefits and risks of vaccination but also on relatable legal information that could result from having issues after being vaccinated. Are we rolling the dice on childhood vaccination? Vaccines are an important benefit to children and research hasRead MoreSkipping Childhood Vaccination Is Not Neglect Essay1241 Words   |  5 PagesSkipping Childhood Vaccination Is Not Neglect According to The Guardian, everyday approximately 11,000 babies are born in the United States of America. From the time they are born, they are required to be immunized. In the first few hours of life, these newborns receive the Hepatitis B vaccine. There are parents however who are skeptical about the potential side effects of all the vaccines. They think that immunizations are going to harm their children by causing them to develop neurological deficitsRead MoreThe Importance Of Vaccination1241 Words   |  5 Pagesbest for children, whether it be their own or not. Most people also want the best for society. But the question is, why would some of these same people deliberately cause the suffering of children and jeopardize society just because they do not believe in vaccination? Vaccinations help save lives by building immunity to deadly diseases, but people are willing to risk lives just because their political beliefs or religious beliefs or skepticism keeps them from vaccinati ng their children. To make

History and Modern Applications of X-Rays - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1373 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/09/15 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? History and Modern Applications of X-Rays We see X-Rays all the time in television, science fiction novels, and comic book superheroes, but what is fact and what is fiction? By examining their makeup, history, modern applications, dangers, protection, and even possible future developments we can understand these scientific marvels far better and more accurately than watching an episode of Star Trek or reading a Superman comic. First and most important is to analyze why an X-ray works and what it is. These â€Å"rays† are high energy, low wavelength beams of electromagnetic energy – very similar to the light we can see; only they are completely invisible to us because our eyes lack the ability to detect its wavelength. They are produced by the movement of electrons in atoms. Electrons exist in constant orbit around an atom’s nucleus in different levels of energy, also known as orbitals. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "History and Modern Applications of X-Rays" essay for you Create order When an electron makes the transition – drops to a lower orbital, it needs to release some energy – which it does in the form of a photon. The energy level of this photon corresponds to how far the electron dropped between orbitals. So when a photon collides with another atom, the energy in the photon sometimes gets absorbed and boosts an electron in that atom to a higher level, but only if the amount of energy in the photon (from the 1st electrons drop) matches the energy required to boost the 2nd electron. Otherwise, the photon will not shift electrons between orbitals. That means that while visible light often has just the right energy to be absorbed by most objects, X-Ray photons will pass through almost everything because they contain far too much energy to be absorbed. Thus, by using a high-voltage vacuum tube to accelerate and release high energy electrons at a large velocity, we are capable of emitting X-rays at one end of an object. By placing an X-ray detector on the other side, something like a photographic plate, film, screen, or any other type of what is known as an â€Å"image receptor† (modern X-rays often have digital outputs), we are capable of capturing information about the object in the middle. That means, unfortunately, that they are nothing like what the Superman comics or fictional â€Å"X-Ray specs† sometimes shown in cartoons or science fiction would have us believe, as it does not make sense for an object (such as the lasses or Superman’s eyes) to project X-rays – that would do nothing without a detector on the other side, and for the object to be an X-ray detector would also make no sense as in that case there is no projector. Common misunderstandings like these are perpetuated all the time in popular culture, so to better understand we must examine its origin. The X-Ray was actually discovered on accident by a scientist almost 100 years after the discoveries of the other categories of radiation – Infrared and Ultraviolet were already discovered. A scientist named Wilhelm Roentgen stumbled upon their existence in 1896 by accident: he noticed that a fluorescent screen in his lab was glowing when he left an electron beam on, which by itself was expected as fluorescent material is known to glow in response to radiation, but this case was unique because the tube had been surrounded by heavy black cardboard – yet the screen still glowed, even though the cardboard was expected to have blocked most of the radiation. He began to play with the situation, putting various objects between the tube and the screen – yet it still glowed. Eventually he put his own hand in the path of the radiation and was amazed to see the silhouette of his bones projected onto the screen. Ironically then, the very first usage of X-Rays in its discovery would turn out to be its most practical application to this day. Medical science uses X-rays to examine broken bones or swallowed or embedded objects in a person’s body, dentistry uses it to pinpoint cavities, and some modified X-rays have even been used to examine thin tissue such as lungs, heart, intestines, and blood vessels to check for irregularities that can subsequently be repaired. The reason X-Rays penetrate the outer layer of the body and not the bones lies in the way that X-Rays are absorbed: whether or not the energy is picked up depends entirely on the kind of atom in the absorber, a relationship that depends on the number of electrons (also known as the atomic number) of the atom. As such, the large thick areas of calcium atoms in your body (i. e. the bones) are much more capable of absorbing X-Ray photons than the thin tissue of our Carbon and Oxygen based flesh, thus the X-Ray’s pass through the latter while leaving a silhouette of the former. The second major modern application of X-Rays is in the security industry, particularly airport security, which uses the technology to scan incoming luggage for devices that may be able to cause harm on a plane such as a weapon or explosive. Again, like with medical technology, this has saved countless lives through the clever adaptation of the properties of these high energy beams of radiation. Other uses have been found in the field of astronomy, where detectors are used to pick up X-rays from extremely distant celestial objects and gain an idea of their size and makeup, as well as in industrial manufacturing wherein X-rays are applied to machinery to determine the quality of a weld or correct assembly of parts. Like any powerful technology, there are also dangers in exposure to X-rays. While the benefits of getting an X-Ray, especially in a situation in which one is faced with a broken bone or other medical emergency, generally far outweigh the risks, it is worth noting that there is no proven â€Å"acceptable† threshold for which exposure to radiation does no damage to the body – all additional doses of radiation the body is exposed to slightly increase the risk of getting cancer in your later years. As such, in instances where X-rays can be avoided – especially in high risk patients like the fetus inside of a pregnant mother – it is generally advised that you do so. On that note, an important facet of any X-ray discussion revolves around exactly what can be used to stop them – as X-Rays go into higher and higher energy levels; it becomes increasingly difficult to find a shield that will prevent them from penetrating. The go-to element at present is Lead, chosen for its low cost and extremely high density which causes it to absorb a large portion of incident X-Rays. Because of the way the X-Ray works, however, its range through any matter – regardless of density – is theoretically infinite if it is lucky enough to avoid interaction with the atom as it passes through. This is why a simple thin sheet of lead is frequently not sufficient and areas wishing to shield themselves from the radiation will use increasingly thick layers of the material in proportion to the energy of the X-Rays, exponentially increasingly the likelihood that they will be shielded. Finally, what is in store for the future of this technology? While it is mpossible to predict all of what innovators will be able to dream up in the future, we already know some projects currently in development that are set to vastly improve current X-Ray technology, bringing the resultant images into full color and in much higher detail and resolution than ever before, giving unprecedented info to the professionals that will be using them. Others are working on what is called †Å"ultrafast† X-rays, in which snapshots can be taken at lightning-quick speeds, allowing better understanding and manipulation of things that move extremely fast, such as electrons in an atom. In conclusion, the accidental discovery of the X-Ray – i. e. the high energy, low wavelength portion of the electromagnetic spectrum has been a boon not just to the medical field but to a wide variety of scientific and commercial endeavors – a merit that seemingly will only grow in the future as more and more applications and advances are discovered for the technology. Who knows, maybe one day the outrageous ideas of science fiction may in fact become a reality!

Find Out Who is Concerned About Transfer Essay Samples and Why You Should be Listening to Them

Find Out Who is Concerned About Transfer Essay Samples and Why You Should be Listening to Them The Ideal Approach for Transfer Essay Samples Since the merchandise is restricted to online ordering, many have questions regarding the Hydroxatone customer service. Clearance isn't granted until all prior balances are paid. In many instances, change at distinct levels, etc. If you're busy with their other responsibilities, you've come to the correct spot. Along with the UC program, applicants need to submit a supplemental application. Meeting deadlines is critical in the college application procedure, while it's the very first time around or as a transfer. Tell us more objective criteria like a member. Optional applicants should answer the chance to compose powerful essays. The Penn application procedure involves a personal essay together with a Penn-specific essay. Well, actually, it's a bit more complicated than that, but it's still not as hard as you may imagine. You will also need to learn to compose a transfer essay. By reading the practical info, you can be in a position to understand how to compose a college transfer essay. As soon as you have started to craft a productive transfer essay, make sure you're attentive and diligent to the end. On occasion, all you will need is to craft a productive transfer essay. Although there isn't any ideal outline for a guaranteed spotless transfer essay, there are a few guidelines to help your essay on the way. The reward of doing them after is they can serve as drafts to the essay you will come to complete, but you might not be as connected to the experience that you want to share. Decide just what qualities you need to stress then make sure that your essay is structured to highlight these traits. New Step by Step Roadmap for Transfer Essay Samples Don't forget that there's a reason why you would like to transfer, and if you're passionate about any of this, it is going to shine through in your writing. Secondly, you are able to get your work done in a suitable manner also. We've got very little doubt he has the abilities and intellectual curiosity to be successful at Penn, and David has made a strong argument about why this specific transfer makes plenty of sense. The very last thing a school would like to see is that you shut off your mind to unique opportunities once you opted to transfer. You may choose to select a particular moment or incident in your life that changed the manner in which you think and explain how that change happened. The explanations for why you think going to another college is probably going to be a great move will likely use up quite a great deal of your essay, but even if your reasons are simple, they need to be clearly written, be positive, and be valid. You can do nothing with the terrible grades you presently have. The Fundamentals of Transfer Essay Samples Revealed In a nutshell, you will receive the successful effects in the long run. For instance, you hope to be a doctor later on as you love biology and chemistry. Year as part questions is going to be the creative. No matter the reason, refrain from speaking ill of your existing school. The essay supplies you with the chance to showcase elements of yo ur nature and experiences that fit nicely with the University of Maryland community. Regardless of what college you want to enroll at, you need to compose an admission essay. On the flip side, your school-specific why transfer essay must concentrate on the elements of that specific school that align with your requirements or the sort of college experience that you seek. There's numerous signals of a college transfer essay. Students who've been out of school for a number of decades, or that have a personal circumstance that affected performance, may want to tackle that situation in their essay. Instead, talk about the way in which the school wasn't the ideal fit for you personally. You shouldn't say anything negative about your present school. Clearly, your present school wasn't best for you.

Infant Toddler Curriculum free essay sample

In this term paper I will explore infant and toddler curriculum. I will discuss: the developmental themes in infancy, infant toddler curriculum, and the differences between preschool curriculum and appropriate infant toddler curriculum. In conclusion I will share some of my personal feelings about infant and toddler curriculum, including the challenges and rewards. Developmental Themes of Infancy ‘The behaviors and abilities that develop during each stage are influenced by the theme that consumes that stage (Blackboard, 2013). † The three themes of infant development are: security (Young Birth to 8 months); exploration (Mobile 6 months-18 months); and identity (Toddler 15 months to 36 months). During the security stage young infants need to develop relationship with caring adult’s that ensure them they are safe and secure. In the mobile stage young children should be provided the freedom to explore their surroundings utilizing their newly developed gross and fine motor skills. During the toddler stage young children are in search of who they are as individuals in the world around them. â€Å"Developmental domains are one way to describe and think about the different aspects of development in the areas of: emotional; physical, social, cognitive; and language skills of young children. And while we use the domains as a way to organize our thinking and observations of children, in reality all domains are function together simultaneously, especially in the first three years of life. This holistic development is separated into the developmental domains for the purpose of observation, study, developmental assessment, and planning (Blackboard, 2013). † Therefore, it is important to understand how the developmental domains relate to the three themes of infant development; in order to provide DAP care and activities for children in each stage of early childhood development. For instance, an understanding of the young infant stage, babies develop a sense of security from their caregivers. It is this sense of security, that allows the baby to build an urge to explore, later motivating them to take risks and advance their current knowledge of their environment. This may require removing all sharp objects from the area and covering electrical outlets and ensuring. However, prepping the room for child safety is not the only concern. It is imperative to play close attention, and respond to the needs of young infants. â€Å"Very young children need adults who listen, smile, and talk with them or babble when they babble; watch for when they need quiet and solitude; and notice and communicate pleasure over such newfound skills as creeping, climbing, holding, dropping, or adding new sounds and words (Greenman, Stonehouse, and Schweikert, 2008, pg. 61). † An understanding of the mobile stage of development will make one aware of the safety precautions needed to allow mobile toddlers to explore the environment. Mobile infants often explore by mouthing and must be protected from small parts and fragile toys. In addition a rich learning environment for mobile infants should include safe structures to climb and explore. â€Å"Moving around is essential to learning; it gives babies different perspective and vantage points, which they need in order to move from an entirely egocentric view of space toward a more sophisticated sense of relationship between self, space, and other people (Greenman, Stonehouse, and Schweikert, 2008, pg. 53). † An understanding of the toddler stage of development enables caring adults to guide and assist young children’s emotional development. The first two years of a person’s life can set the foundation for the way they create relationships, view others, and understand emotions and how to control them. â€Å"A toddler’s sense of self, of I and me, emerge in a group environment and a culture which private property and the acquisition of things are somewhat scared. This makes the learning of related concepts like mine particularly challenging (Greenman, Stonehouse, and Schweikert, 2008, pg. 59). † â€Å"Toddlers learn about who they are in the world through relationships and experiences with adults who care for them. They learn to trust that their needs will be met, or that they will not. The emotional domain includes the infant’s perception of herself and of herself in relation to others. †(Blackboard, 2013). The most important thing a caregiver can do to help a toddler’s emotional development is to create a safe and loving environment for the toddler to learn in. Caregivers should understand that each toddler is different and has different needs. Attending to each individual child in a well-organized and inviting learning environment is essential during his stage early childhood development. Infant Toddler Curriculum â€Å"Because of the specific needs of infants and toddlers the term curriculum is during the early stages of development is complex. To summarize all of the ideas of curriculum, as defined by leaders in the field (Gonzalez-Mena, Eyer, Dodge, Greenman, Stonehouse, Schwikert, Swim, and Watson), you must think about curriculum as an organized framework. To make curriculum DAP for infant and toddlers, it must be based on sound and relevant knowledge such as infant/ toddler development and research; so that it guides early care professional practices in providing purposeful and responsive learning opportunities for each child through daily routines and experiences (Blackboard, 2013). † â€Å"Infant and toddler curriculum plans focus on how to best create a social, emotional, and intellectual climate that supports child-initiated and child-pursued learning. The interests of the child and the belief that each child has a curriculum are what drive practice (Blackboard, 2013)†. It is understood that very young children need to play a significant role in selecting their learning experiences, materials, and content. Curriculum plans, therefore, do not focus on games, tasks, or activities, but on how to best create a social, emotional, and intellectual climate that supports child-initiated and child-pursued learning and the building and sustaining of positive relationships among adults and children. â€Å"Responsive curriculum planning focuses on finding strategies to help infant-toddler teachers search for, support, and keep alive childrens internal motivation to learn, and their spontaneous explorations of people and things of interest and importance to them (Blackboard, 2013). † This should begin with study of the specific children in care. â€Å"Detailed records of each childs interests and skills are kept to give guidance to the adults for the roles they will take in each childs learning (Greenman, Stonehouse, and Schweikert, 2008, pg. 30). † It should also be realized from the start that plans should not be static. Adaptation and change are critical parts of the learning process and should be anticipated. â€Å"Once an interaction with a child or small cluster of children begins, the teacher has to be ready to adapt his or her plans and actions so they work for all children, no matter what kind of physical , mental or emotional challenges individual bring to the program (Greenman, Stonehouse, and Schweikert, 2008, pg. 30). † Another essential component of planning is attention to a responsive learning environment and specific attention to how environments should be changed. The planning of learning environments is more important to infant-toddler development than specific lessons or specific activities. â€Å"The environment must be seen as part of the curriculum, creating interest and encouraging and supporting exploration (Blackboard, 2013). † Research has shown that much of how infants and toddlers learn best comes not from specific adult-directed lessons but from teachers knowing how to maximize opportunities for each child to use natural learning inclinations. The philosophy of routine care as learning opportunities for infants and toddlers is based on the premise that, â€Å"Relationships develop through all kinds of interactions, but especially during ones that happen while adults are carrying out those essential activities of daily living sometimes called caregiving routines (Greenman, Stonehouse, and Schweikert, 2008, pg. 5)†, such as: feeding, diapering; toilet training/learning; washing; bathing and grooming; dressing; napping. â€Å" For caregiving routines to become curriculum, they can’t be done mechanically. Each time a caregiver interacts in ways that focus fully on the individual child while performing one of these essential activities of daily living, the time spent furthers connections. When caregivers manipulate the child’s body and put their attention elsewhere, they loss the opportunity to let the child experience an intimate human interaction. It’s the accumulation of intimacy during these numerous interactions that turns ordinary tasks into a relationship-based curriculum (Greenman, Stonehouse, and Schweikert, 2008, pg. 53). † The role of the adult in intentional curriculum planning and supporting learning is to be respectful and responsive to the childs ways of learning and understanding. Because early learning is all-inclusive, plans to facilitate the infant toddler learning need to be well rounded. Security, exploration, and identity formation are manifested differently during the infant toddler stage, the way adults respond to these needs should be developmental appropriate. Aware that the infant receives information from every domain simultaneously, early childhood professionals recommend that caregivers and caring adults plans to help with infant learning, be created in ways that reflect an awareness of the impact of the experience on all the domains of learning and development simultaneously. Observations and recordings such as: anecdotal notes, individual journals/two-way journals and running records, are also included in the role of the adult in intentional curriculum planning. â€Å"All infants and toddlers deserve caregiving and teaching practices specially tailored to them rather than ones that come with the expectations that children must fit into the program. The role of the team in providing individualized curriculum is to take into consideration each child’s needs, stage of development and personal characteristics. Children have different temperaments, energy levels and parental preferences for caregiving practices (Greenman, Stonehouse, and Schweikert, 2008, pg. 151). † Key Differences between Preschool and Infant-Toddler Curriculum According to the text, â€Å"The primary focus of the first three years should be to establish a close and continuous relationship. Education then grows out of the relationship that results from caregiving. Programs that regard infants and toddlers as immature preschoolers and use and activities approach get frustrated with all the â€Å"noneducational† time spent in caregiving and transition times. The care component fits into the total picture. When infant-toddler education comes in a package with play, exploration and caregiving, everything that happens in the program becomes educational. (Gonzalez-Mena, J. Widmeyer, D. M. , 2012, p. 28). † Preschoolers are much more independent and vocal then infant-toddlers. Preschoolers are able to communicate what they what and how they feel. Their motor, language and social/emotional skill are more advanced than that of an infant-toddler. According to Diane Trister Dodge, although, â€Å"both preschool and infant-toddler curriculum share the same five components or framework, the content is very different. Early childhood educators must have: knowledge of child development, how to create a DAP learning environment, knowledge of what children learn at each stage of development, how to guide and assess learning and how to relate to children. However, curriculum for infants is organized around daily routines and experience; whereas the curriculum for preschooler is organized around interest, content and studies (Blackboard Video, 2013). † According to Ron Lally, â€Å"Expectations must be different for preschoolers and toddlers. For example, an early childhood educator cannot expect an infant-toddler to sit still and because infants follow an inborn exploratory agenda and rapidly advances through three major periods of development (previously discussed); and the care and education of the infant-toddler must keep pace with these changes. Infants learn holistically they focus on every part of the interactions (Blackboard Video, 2013). † Infant-toddlers must be afforded the freedom needed to construct their own knowledge of their environment, themselves and others; whereas, toddlers can benefit from a more structured curriculum. Some of the hazards of providing a watered-down preschool approach to infants and toddlers include: not meeting the developmental needs of the infants and toddlers; future growth and development stages delayed; and over stimulation to name a few. Infant and toddler curriculum can be both challenging and rewarding. The challenges in include the rapid changes that take place during this time of growth and development, the varying temperaments of individual children, and the constant adaptations necessary during curriculum implementation. However, the rewards far exceed the challenges. It is very rewarding to see a child reach developmental milestones such as; taking their first step, or speaking their first words. I also find it rewarding to see the smile and since of peace families demonstrate when they know their child is receiving high quality care and DAP learning experiences. In conclusion, I have explored infant and toddler curriculum, discussed the developmental themes in infancy and the differences between preschool curriculum and appropriate infant toddler curriculum. I have also shared some of my personal feelings about infant and toddler curriculum, including the challenges and rewards.

Organization of a Hospital Activity

A hospital is a network of many different departments that need proper communication and cooperation. When the system breaks down, there are many problems for both staff and patients. The quality of service begins to suffer, and the environment becomes stressful and unhealthy for healing. The provision of healthcare has always been an important and controversial issue. There are times in life when anyone might require some form of medical attention and it is everyone’s right to receive the proper treatment.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organization of a Hospital Activity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Problem areas: The waiting room is not equipped to suit the patients. The emergency room is the face of the hospital, as this is the first area that people come into and where they wait to be seen by the nurse. It is rather small and does not adequately seat all patients. As a result, people have to wai t in the hallway and around the entrance into the sanitary emergency ward. Also, the traffic in the hallways becomes congested and the ambulance personnel, as well as porters who are transferring patients have problems maneuvering around people; fire safety procedures suffer as a result. The waiting room is not separated into adult and child sections and so, children are suscepted to potentially dangerous infections. The communication between the psychiatric ward and the waiting room are completely disorganized. A patient who comes into the hospital for a psychiatric assessment is forced to wait more than two hours in a room 2 meters by 2 meters with uncomfortable seating and an absence of a bed. This leads to constant problems with their stress levels, which causes the emergency room personnel and doctors to control these patients and assign unneeded medication. The communication between the 5th floor (psychiatric ward) and transfer of patients is inefficient. The nurses in the ICU -intensive care unit are disorganized with the time a medication or other procedures must be administered to the patients. Improvements: The waiting room: must extended for the greater amount of people and separated into a child section, adult section and one for those who might transfer an infectious disease to others. Communication: healthcare revolves around individuals and just attendance to their needs. An administrator who is in charge of changing or creating medical policies or the nurses and doctors themselves, are obligated to provide proper care to anyone in need, including psychiatric patients. The long wait times must be cut in half, as people are susceptible to further and unnecessary stress. It is morally necessary to make sure that the person gets the treatment and medication they require. Programs for nurses: as education for doctors and nurses is particularly serious, there should be in-hospital classes provided. People become morally used to the patients and their suffering, thus the medical staff needs a refreshment of their understanding and knowledge. Organization: certain criteria and parameters must be outlined for nurses for better history of medical problems and physical assessment. The patient is another person who must be shown how to do the monitoring themselves, with clear guidelines and goals in the reach for stability. The use of multidisciplinary team is very helpful, as it increases the scope of diagnostics and treatment but also approach towards patients. The focus is on older adults and children, in order to establish the reasons for their delay in seeking medical attention or advice on how to deal with the issue.Advertising Looking for essay on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on Organization of a Hospital Activity was written and submitted by user Moderate Lion to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sandra Cisneros and Chicano Literature Essay Example

Sandra Cisneros and Chicano Literature Essay Example Sandra Cisneros and Chicano Literature Essay Sandra Cisneros and Chicano Literature Essay Essay Topic: House on Mango Street Sandra Cisneros is an American writer and poet, was born on December 20, 1954, in Chicago. She is primarily known for her first novel The House on Mango Street (1984) about a young Latino woman. More importantly, Sandra Cisneros is acclaimed to be a central figure in Chicana literature. Given the fact Sandra was forced to migrate constantly between Mexico and the United States since she was a child, she became deeply interested in the challenges and relationships between Mexican and American cultures. Eventually, Cisneros achieved recognition far beyond Chicano and Latino communities for her accurate interest in the formation of Chicano identity and her contribution to the Hispanic civil rights movement. Some suggest that Sandra Cisneros is the most famous Chicana writer. She became a pioneer in this literary field and achieved to become the first female Mexican-American writer to be published massively. As the first successful Chicana author, Cisneros brought this genre to mainstream literature and made it widely popular (Sandra Cisneros). Most significantly, the writer firstly introduced innovations in her best-known novel The House on Mango Street, where she shifted from established poetic style typical for Chicana literature to a new one, creating a distinctive Chicana literary space. The most prominent topics of her literature brought up such social issues as gender inequality and marginalization of cultural minorities, specifically Latino. Due to her flourishing writing style, the novel The House on Mango Street became popular and readable far beyond the Chicano community. ?Drawing attention to the challenges Latino community faced, Cisneros played a significant role in Hispanic Civil Rights Movement. As a result of this movement, Hispanic population achieved to heightened awareness of the importance of culture affected many ethnic groups, including Mexican Americans. The primary goal of this civil right movement was to equalize

Globalisation of Logistics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Globalisation of Logistics - Assignment Example By accessing such resources, businesses operating across nations find it easier to price their products and services at favorable prices enabling them to attract and sustain their market share. Additionally, this enables them open up their businesses to broad markers where people have disposable income to spend on various kinds of goods and services. In the wake of globalization, another important feature evident in business activities is increased communications technology, which has spread across different parts on the face of the earth. This has in fact allowed campaigns in international marketing to be effectively coordinated from domestic databases. The mobile phone technology and internet revolution has played an important role in opening new international industries to an endless potential for opportunity (Venkateswaran 2012, p. 78). It is important to realize that globalization has greatly influenced the manner in which people shop. Customers now have a wide potential of goods and services to choose from, having the ability to shop from any place on the globe, something that has produced huge dynamism in tastes and preferences. Following this development, multinational companies have been looking doe better global strategies they can use in creating and sustaining their market share. This paper examines the concept of creation of effective global strategies that these companies can use in the process of creating competitive advantages in the highly globalised business environment. In the wake of globalization, multinational enterprises are faced with the need to formulate and implement an effective global strategy they can rely on in doing business effectively across many countries on the globe (Frear, Metcalf & Alguire 1992, p. 9). These businesses have realized the advantage that comes with a strategy, which effectively correspond to the changing business

Advergaming and mobile advertising Research Paper

Advergaming and mobile advertising - Research Paper Example There has been need to have a different cereal than the usual wheat one and hence the introduction of the new chocolate cereals is needed, and the introduction is done through a medium that is liked by children: videogames. The traditional advertising includes the use of television, posters and billboards and children of nowadays do not bother checking out such mediums. All they are interested in is the video games and especially those that are online. Advertising the product online in a videogame is the best way to attract the market for the chocolate cereals whose target is mostly children. The company used Multi-Link Trunking (MLT) technology to help it access several links and servers in order to ensure that as many people as possible get the advertisement through the video game. Permission is not an issue but facilitation to the right channels is necessary when using the internet. Many people got to enjoy this product more since it was introduced to them through a medium they love. Sales of the Choco Krispis should therefore have gone very high due to the fact that the cereal box was fashioned to be used as the joystick in this advergaming. Taco Bell has launched yet another food product beefy nacho burrito and is still using the mobile phone to advertise it. The advert is running through smart iPhones and hence many people with the iPhone have access to the advert through the applications. These adverts have made many people aware of the product and are buying it to try it out (Hasen, 2012). There is need to have advertisements that will reach majority of the target group without the company struggling with the logistics of production of posters of billboards to attract attention of the presence of a new product. Taco Bell has therefore addressed the need for an easy to see advert that reaches majority of the target group with minimal effort. Many people are

National Institute For Health And Clinical Excellence Nursing Essay

National Institute For Health And Clinical Excellence Nursing Essay This essay will critically appraise and evaluate the evidence that underpins Occupational Therapy practice within a hospice setting and specifically an implemented intervention with reference to a case study. Inherent within this will be a critical analysis for the rationale and clinical reasoning behind employing that intervention, including the legislation and political drivers that govern and influence the intervention, the OT practice, and the setting, along with and in relation to the wider context of the service. The case study focussed upon within this essay, surrounds Mrs A (pseudo name used), a lady in her early 60s, diagnosed with an inoperable breast carcinoma with bone metastases. Initially Mrs A had difficulty accepting her deteriorating condition, resulting in her presenting with severe fatigue and loss of occupational identity and engagement in her life-long passion of drawing, despite trialling pharmaceutical treatments. This along with her low mood levels and preferred aim to stay with her family in her home meant she was referred to community palliative care OT (Appendix-slide 4, 5). The World Health Organisation (WHO) (2012) defines palliative care as the physical, psychosocial and spiritual approach that improves quality of life of the patient and their families associated with a life limiting illness. This concept is re-iterated within palliative care policies and a prominent piece of legislation within this specialist field is the End of Life Care Strategy (Great Britain. Department of Health (GB.DoH), 2008). Although published in 2008, it has developed from other integrated publications, such as the National Health Service (NHS) End of Life Care Programme (2007) and is the first national and comprehensive framework aimed at promoting high quality care for all individuals that are approaching end of life. It also provides a basis for health and social care services to build upon and the core concepts of all health professionals duty of care whilst supporting patient and their carers. The philosophy of palliative care differs in focus from the medical model of health care, with its core focus on quality of life and meaningfulness; consequently it fits well alongside OT core principles and paradigms of holistic and patient centred practice (Lucey, 2012; Othero, 2010). Although OT intervention with patients with palliative care needs is not a new concept, there is little evidence that supports this area of practice (American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA), 2008; Cooper, 2006). However the Improving Outcomes in Breast Cancer document acknowledges the important role and key concerns for OTs, assisting patients in sustaining their independence, autonomy and empowering the maintenance of control over own health decisions (NICE, 2002). Additionally the Route to Success in End of Life Care Achieving Quality for Occupational Therapy (College of Occupational Therapist (COT), 2011) and the National Service Framework for Older People (2001) provides a framework for OTs to work within. These are alongside other ethical and legal principles and professional codes of conduct, such as Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct (COT, 2010) and the Professional Standards for Occupational Therapy Practice (COT, 2007). Intrinsic within the core values of OT, are the concepts of the occupational nature of individuals and that occupation has the capability to influence health, a key area within the care of Mrs A (Turner, Foster and Johnson, 2002). Wilcock (2006) suggested that occupation is a basic human need found across the life span through doing, being, becoming and belonging, and the importance of occupational engagement in palliative care has been found in numerous research studies (Burkhardt et al, 2011; Lyons et al, 2002). Vrkljan and Miller-Polgar (2001) provided evidence for the value of breast cancer patients participating in meaningful occupations in order to enhance wellbeing at the end of life. In accordance to these principles Mrs A is experiencing occupational deprivation due to her inability to engage in drawing, however the age of this study restricts its application to todays contemporary practices. According to Ahlberg et al (2003) cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is the most commonly reported symptom associated with cancer and its treatment, preventing engagement in occupations, usual functioning and infringement on quality of life (Cooper, 2006). Classified as a distressing, subjective and persistent sense of exhaustion or tiredness, fatigue can be experienced during or after treatment by 70%-100% of cancer patients (Stone and Minton, 2008) (Appendix-slide 6). Only recognised as an official diagnosis by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) in 1998, its impacts on everyday occupations are subjective and no two individuals experience the CRF in the same way, making standardised assessments difficult. The impacts of fatigue outreach the individual concerned, increasing duties and responsibilities of carers, friends and family, therefore, it is an imperative OT role to assist, support and educate these individuals in the management of fatigue in a way that is constru ctive to them (Kealey and McIntryre, 2005). These are evident points within the case of Mrs A as she felt she had lost ability to engage in her artistic passion (La Cour et al, 2007; Townsend and Polatajko, 2007). Alongside policies and legislation, the application of the compensatory frame of reference and the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO) informs and directs OT practice (Turpin and Iwama, 2011; Kielhofner, 2008). The compensatory frame of reference applies to Mrs A as it aims to maximise her independence and enhance her quality of life. This is achieved by focusing on the management of her symptoms rather than the proactive treatment and cause, a notion that is synonymous with the values of palliative care. Being a practical approach it provides a basis for the fatigue management as it assists with the understanding of the concepts and an alternative method of participating in an activity, however this lack evidence (Duncan, 2011). Although the biomechanical frame of reference addresses occupational performance limitations through concepts of strength and endurance, aspects such as energy conservation could also be teamed with the compensatory frame of reference as a method of increasing the applicability to Mrs As situation and minimising the impacts of her fatigue levels on her occupational engagement (Duncan, 2011; Curtin, Molineux and Supyk-Mellson, 2010) (Appendix-slide 12). Again, similar to the philosophy of palliative care, the MOHO models holistic approach is centred on Mrs As needs (Kielhofner, 2008). Despite the MOHO model having an expansive evidence base and reportedly being the most extensively applied occupation based model in OT practice, there is little evidence base for its application within palliative care and CRF (Lee et al, 2008). Additionally, the models terminology can inhibit inter-professional working (IPW) within the multi-disciplinary team (MDT), therefore it was not applied in its entirety within the setting and the practice with Mrs A (Melton, Forsyth, Freeth, 2010). Furthermore, MOHO lacks the idea of spirituality, a contemporary concept within both OT and palliative care literature (GB. DoH, 2010; Belcham, 2004), and an aspect that is central within the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement (Polatajko, Townsend and Craik, 2007). Nevertheless, the MOHO model provides understanding of Mrs As motivation for eng agement in occupation (Lee et al, 2008) and according to Kielhofner (2008) it addresses Mrs As volition, habituation, performance capacity, values, roles, culture and her occupational identity. These are all key areas that her CRF had impacted on and it aided identification of her difficulties and direction for intervention (Costa and Othero, 2012) (Appendix-slides 7-11). In order to assist Mrs A with her difficulties and implement an intervention, environmental and fatigue assessments were conducted indicating occupational imbalance, within her lack participation of drawing and fulfilment of her occupational identity (Whiteford and Hocking, 2012; Mackenzie and OToole, 2011; Creek, 2003). Being non-standardised both assessments lacked the underpinning reasoning for the application and meant that outcome measures would be more difficult to certify the effectiveness of the intervention, in terms of its effects on Mrs As quality of life (McColl, 2010). However it enabled the practice to be patient centred, qualitative and more flexible with no formal structure, which is imperative within the nature of end of life care and ensures interventions are meaningful to Mrs A (Fawcett, 2007). Completion of the assessments also supported the formulation of her aims, which were to manage her fatigue level in order to regain engagement in her former self, and partic ipate in drawing for her husbands Christmas present, therefore justifying the implementation of fatigue management intervention (Appendix-slide 14). Due to the nature of the service, assessments and initial conversations needed to be completed within a short amount of time, yet were aided by the fact that they took place within her home environment with her family present. Research has supported this concept as it provides a personalised and caring therapeutic environment (Meyers, 2010; Brazil et al, 2005), additionally achieving a patients preferred place of care has been highlighted as prominent need within national drivers. However in these circumstances interference from carers and family members or resistance to OT interventions as already in preferred place of care periodically inhibited full engagement in intervention (AOTA, 2008). Lowrie (2006) and Halkett et al (2005) reported that fatigue management, compromising of energy saving, adaptation of role, activity planning and prioritising techniques, is a commonly recommended intervention for and sought after by cancer sufferers in order to maximise quality of life (Hawthorne, 2010; The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), 2009). Although Saarik and Hartleys (2010) study comprised of a four week programme based in a hospice day care, as opposed to within the community, it concluded patients reporting decreased fatigue levels, increased ability to cope and improved functioning post receiving fatigue management. Furthermore the NCCN (2009) has recognised the importance of CRF management and has guidelines recommending that integrative non-pharmacological interventions, including fatigue management are implemented with all individuals undergoing cancer treatment, not only palliative patients. Though its importance is highly acknowledged there are multiple studies indicating that cancer patients are not receiving the fatigue management intervention in order to meet their needs (Purcell et al, 2010). A study conducted in the United Kingdom, supports this concept, as only 14% of the 1370 of the participants with mixed diagnosis reported receiving fatigue management (Stone et al, 2003). Similarly in an American study of 814 participants, 23% suffering from CRF received management intervention (Henry et al, 2008). However extrapolation of the findings for this American studies small sample size would reduce its validity within the worldwide population and there may also be evidence of cultural nor m differences. Attributable to its recent development, the intervention lacks clarity and a structured evidence base, which is fundamental in assuring a rationale and clinical reasoning for its use within practice (Lowrie, 2006; Wratton et al, 2004). Additionally there is insufficient robust evidence and investigation into the interventions efficiency; however this does not certify the ineffectiveness of the intervention (Duncan, 2011). Alternatively the benefits of the fatigue management include that even minimal changes have positive impacts, its simple applicability and that it is highly patient centred, thus is tailored to Mrs As individual situation (Ream, Richardson and Alexander-Dann, 2006). Overall, literature, although limited, has found that fatigue management intervention has yielded positive outcomes for cancer patients where other conventional interventions have failed, justifying its application with Mrs A. As with many contemporary interventions, further research is required in order to secure effective clinical intervention and management of CRF (Mustian et al, 2007). This coincides with Bannigan et als (2008) statement of further development, which highlights research into the effectiveness of OT interventions is now a priority for OTs. While it is a common opinion that traditional rehabilitation based interventions generate few improvements in physical functioning and suggested as an unethical intervention for palliative patients, research has shown that it is appropriate at many points during the disease trajectory, improving self-efficacy, control and identity, therefore applicable to Mrs A (Guo and Shin, 2005; Eva, 2001). Engagement in occupations reportedly assisting with an individuals ability to connect with the purpose in life and enhancing spiritual wellbeing, quality of life and ability to cope with their situation (AOTA, 2008; Prince-Paul, 2008; Jacques and Hasselkus, 2004). The role of OTs in palliative care rehabilitation has been supported through national guidelines and literature; with NICE (2004) recommending and that all patients should receive a planned rehabilitation approach, including continuous assessment, goal-setting, care planning, intervention and evaluation to prevent loss of identity and poor quality of life. Despite this there is little guidance on how this is delivered in practice, resulting in settings lacking the right rehabilitation approach and consequently the case study setting displaying an absence of comprehensive evidence for its occurrence (Eva et al, 2009; National Council for Palliative Care (NCPC), 2006). Set within a community hospice setting the service provided to Mrs A was governed by the Care Quality Commission, equivalent to the NHS. However unlike the NHS, being an independent charity the hospice has a short organisational hierarchy, therefore limited layers of bureaucracy between the patients and their families, the health professionals and the leadership team. This means that the practice is not governed by such tight and mandatory restrictions and can be creative and adaptive to meet Mrs As needs. Although consequently, it is not so economically and fundamentally secure as a larger organisation like the NHS. Regardless of this it is imperative that service integration between the hospice and the NHS occurs and maintained to benefit Mrs As care. Furthermore, the small size of the organisation impacts upon its culture and enables opportunities for health professionals to undertake and be involved in service improvement and quality assurance activities, which attribute to both professional and personal achievements, furthering the quality of care provisions. Also, issues that are raised are rapidly and effectively examined by the directors with the patients needs central to all actions, instead of cost savings. Despite this, the importance of cost implications remain closely examined as being an independent charity, it is not funded by the NHS and crucial fundraising ensures availability of all resources, yet this can be difficult and precarious especially within todays economic climate. Due to the nature of Oncology and Palliative care being complex and demanding, many health professionals from differing disciplines have to work collaboratively in order to combine expertise and create a service effectively integrated to resolve Mrs As key areas of need, whilst making resources go further (Atkinson, Jones and Lamont, 2007; NCPC, 2006). According to NICE (2002) an integrated MDT and the occurrence of effective IPW is imperative to ensure seamless continuity of care, supportive and timely response to patients needs (WHO, 2012). Although the MDT within the setting for the case study lacked a dietician, therefore this role was split between all other health professionals, occasionally causing some duplicated information or gaps within service provision, being potentially detrimental to Mrs As health and wellbeing (Infante, 2006). Central to the idea of effective IPW is communication and due to the nature of the community setting, this can be made more challenging, with many health professionals on visits when their input is needed (Infante, 2006). This is exaggerated by many of the health professionals within the team working part-time hours. In order to overcome this and instil effective and efficient practice each day, a mandatory multi-disciplinary meeting occurred for all health professionals to discuss patients within their care. Overall the OT presence within the MDT team was well respected, other health professionals identified and recognised the core OT philosophy, which is indicative with end of life care in literature, and replicated in the reasoning for Mrs As referral. This concept was also readily recognised by the directors and replicated within the OT budget. However, regardless of this the OT practice and patient service was restricted due to limited OT professional hours, with recent audits indicating that organisational OT targets were not being met and highlighting the increased need for more OT hours within the caseload. Conversely, despite receiving a late initial phone call, Mrs As level of care showed no evidence of this occurrence, although it could have severely impacted upon her if she required additional input. Furthermore there was evidence of professional tribalism, as some protective professional relationships were formed, restricting effective IPW and efficiency of her care between t he MDT (Armstrong, 2007). Improved quality of life and engagement in meaningful occupations are primary outcomes of all OT intervention within palliative care (AOTA, 2008). In summary, the outcome measures used within the setting were limited, non-standardised, and based on patient feedback (Appendix-slide 18). Yet qualitative and centred around Mrs As the fulfilment of her occupational need and aims, by completing a drawing for her husband and remaining within her home. In addition to this, the fatigue management techniques were found to be transferable to everyday activities, thus Mrs A reporting improvements in her overall occupational participation, quality of life and consequently her wellbeing, therefore further justifying its use as an intervention (Cooper and Littlechild, 2004). Nevertheless within palliative care the importance of timeliness and an awareness of disease progression are crucial for both Mrs A and the OT, as it is evitable that Mrs A will develop further occupational deficits due to dis ease progression; therefore outcomes are short term and future positive or negative outcomes may not be a direct cause of the intervention (COT-HIV/AIDs, Oncology and Palliative Care Education, 2004). This may be fundamental in terms of patient satisfaction as to whether these aims are achieved and then lost again, or not achieved at all. In line with the importance of timeliness, is the concept that earlier referral to OT services would have restricted the degree of fatigue that Mrs A presented with and also the greater the impact of the fatigue management could have had on her quality of life. McLaughlin and Kaluzny (2006) recognised that patient feedback as an outcome measure is a fundamental part of quality and service improvements within care. Despite originally being a debatable concept, patient feedback has now become so well acknowledged that it has formed an essential part of health planning documents (Darzi, 2008). However due to this, it does not conclusively show financial benefits of the OT service, yet presents the importance of patient choice, quality of life and patient led care. Therefore a standardised outcome measure that could have been implemented to provide structure and improve OT practice whilst acting as an assessment, is the Model of Human Occupation Screening Tool (MOHOST). Implementing this tool would also embed the MOHO model framework further into the OT practice (Kielhofner, 2008). Being observational it wouldnt require input from Mrs A, therefore will not exacerbate her fatigue levels, although only gives the OTs perception of her difficulties . Additionally the Quality of Life questionnaire and the Fatigue Impact Scale, although not OT specific, could be implemented to provide clear areas of focus and as an outcome measure, as these are key elements of the purpose of OT intervention and palliative care settings (Pearson, Todd and Futcher, 2007). Utilising these assessments tools within OT practice would demonstrate both the benefits and the cost effectiveness of the OT intervention, crucial elements within a charity run organisation. To conclude, the role of an OT within palliative care is diverse and challenging, although ideally positioned to assist Mrs A in maximizing her quality of life and achieving her aim of drawing her husbands Christmas present (Kealey and McIntyre, 2005; Vockins, 2004). Achievement of this surrounds addressing her fatigue difficulties in a holistic, ethical and patient centred way, whilst having specialist knowledge of disease related problems within contemporary evidence based practice (Berger, 2009; Steultjens et al, 2004), a notion that has been acknowledged by both professional bodies and researchers (Oertli, 2007; National Breast Cancer Centre and National Cancer Control Intitiative, 2003).

Malaria Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Malaria There are a great number of diseases that are endemic in many of the poorer, developing nations due to the lack of sanitation and disease prevention programs in these areas. The steady increase of malaria epidemics in many of the African countries is a point of great concern, because this continent is home to 90% of the world’s total cases of this particular disease. Malaria gets its name from â€Å"mal aria,† meaning bad air, because patients used to blame the sudden illness on the poor air quality of the nearby swamps. Scientists now know that malaria is a parasitic infection caused by a single-celled protozoan, Plasmodium. Of the four types of this parasite, Plasmodium falciparum is recognized as the most dangerous and lethal string that infects human beings. The female Anopheles mosquito transmits the disease through its saliva, and the protozoan enters the bloodstream and is carried to the liver. The indications of the illness can appear within a week of the exposure or it can take up to a year for the effects to become noticeable. Malaria has many flu-like symptoms, such as headache, fever, nausea, vomiting, sweating, tiredness, and general muscle pain. These characteristics are attributed to many forms of illness, which can prove difficult in the diagnosis of this serious disease early enough for effective treatmen t. The treatment of malaria is commonly administered in the form of a DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) antibiotic. This drug works to eliminate the parasite from the patients blood stream and, therefore, limit the chance of communicating the disease and infecting other people. The drug also significantly reduces the frequency of severity of the patient’s symptoms... ...d Pestilence: From Ancient Times to the Present, Rev. Ed. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 2001. This article was an updated history of African malaria outbreaks and the specific causes of and reactions to these epidemics. â€Å"Malaria.† CDC Division of Parasitic Diseases Information. 3 Mar. 2002. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 5 Oct. 2002 . This site gave important information about precautions that travelers should take before going to high-risk areas of the world. â€Å"Malaria Facts.† NIAID Quickfacts Page. 17 Sept. 2002. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH. 6 Oct. 2002 . This NIH site provides an in-depth look at the infection/spread of malaria with multiple links for additional information.

Porters Five Force Analysis for Paint Industry

1. Concepcion-Carrier Air Conditioning Company Formed in January 1998, Concepcion-Carrier Air Conditioning Company (CCAC) brings together two leaders in the air conditioning industry: Carrier Corporation of the United States and Concepcion Industries, Inc. of the Philippines. In just a few years, CCAC expanded from manufacturing window room air conditioners to becoming the market leader in virtually all categories of Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) equipment and services in the country. CCAC brings to the Philippine market Carrier Corporation's long tradition of innovation and product excellence.It has the Philippines' largest air conditioning facility that makes an wide range of products of outstanding quality, and is recognized by customers abroad, who source from it products proudly Philippine-made. Carrier products are designed in engineering centers and manufacturing facilities located worldwide. Spread across six continents, Carrier's global operations make it the largest manufacturer of air conditioning, heating, ventilation and refrigeration products. It is supported by a vast network of distributors, dealers, retailers, and technicians who sell, install and service Carrier products in over 170 countries.A heritage of technological innovation. Leadership in responsible environmental stewardship. Carrier Corporation and CCAC – creating environments for life. Worldwide. * Concepcion Industries, Inc is a maker of electrical appliances such as air conditioning equipment and refrigerators. The company is based in the  Philippines  and was founded in the 1960s. The company is known for its several notable brands that include  Carrier,  Condura, and  Kelvinator. * Carrier in 1902, Willis Haviland Carrier designed the world's first air-conditioning system.This single achievement made it possible for people to live, work, study, shop, travel, or play in worry-free indoor comfort. Today, Carrier continues to build on the pioneeri ng spirit of its founder. With manufacturing, sales, and service operations in more than 170 countries, Carrier is the world's leading heating, ventilation and air-conditioning company. It leads in developing a constantly growing array of innovative products – all designed to meet the exacting needs of its customers around the world, while leading the rest of the industry in forging higher standards of stewardship over the environment. . Panasonic Manufacturing Philippines Corporation (PMPC) A manufacturer, importer and distributor of electronic, electrical, mechanical, electro-mechanical appliances, other types of machines, parts and components, battery and related products bearing the brand name, â€Å"Panasonic†. At present, the primary products manufactured by PMPC are refrigerators, air conditioners, washing machines, electric fans, dry cell batteries and flashlights.Consequently, through its sales division, Panasonic Philippines (PPh), PMPC Continually strives to expand its sales, service and distribution networks to make Panasonic products and service conveniently available to its consumers. In October 2003, PMPC ceased using â€Å"National† Brand and Unified the branding of all its products under the Panasonic brand. PMPC, formerly known as Matsushita Electric Philippines Corporation, changed its corporate name to Panasonic Manufacturing Philippines Corporation and officially started using it on April 1, 2005 along with its continuing commitment to customer satisfaction and service to society.Since an enterprise uses society's resources – people, capital, real estate, community services – PMPC believes that it started out and remains indebted to society. Along this premise, the company recognizes that the primary role of its business is to serve society in return for the use of its resources and thus devotes its business activities to the progress and development of society and the well being of the people. This commi tment serves as guidance for PMPC in carrying out its operation and corporate activities. 3. Koppel, Inc. 957 marked the year when the company started manufacturing splits and packaged type air-conditioners. The years that ensued saw Koppel as the preferred brand of choice among industry consultants and the undisputed market leader in the industry. The company continued its growth and maximized its sales volume, growing its products and improving its services, making Koppel the by-word in all air conditioning requirements across the country. In January 2000, Koppel was acquired from Asea Brown Boveri (ABB) by Fedders Corporation.By then, the company has expanded its product line-up to include not just the commercial and industrial segments, but to tap the growing retail market through  residential air conditioners. Last September 2008, the company has been acquired by KPL Inc. , a local company which is keen on tapping the dynamic aircon market. As Koppel, Inc. , the company is fo cused in strengthening its core competency in the packaged business and advancing its technological capability by sourcing strategic products in the projects and industrial applications.To date, Koppel is the second largest aircon manufacturer in the Philippines, servicing aircon requirements across the country for over 50 years. Its rich heritage in providing high-quality and reliable aircon products is a testament to Koppel’s commitment to service all its customers nationwide, from its centrally-located office in Paranaque to its full-service branch  offices  in Cebu and Davao. For 2009, Koppel, Inc. has expanded its product range to include eco-friendly products that dramatically reduce our  energy consumption.The company continues to challenge itself with ways to help reduce our  carbon footprints and in the long run, protect our fragile environment. 4. Hitachi Air Conditioning Philippines, Inc. Established on March 02, 2000 with a capital fund of 20,285,000 pesos . Mainly engage on the manufacture and sale on wholesale basis of Home Appliances and air conditioners. nvestment for Hitachi Air Conditioning Sales is 85% financed by Taiwan Hitachi Co. ,Ltd. and 15% by Hitachi Life and Solutions, Inc. Hitachi Air Conditioning Sales (Phils. ) Inc. ells air conditioning products like the Self-Contained Air Conditioners,Air-cooling Chiller Unit, Room Air Conditioners, Packaged Air Conditioner,Fan Coil Unit, and Dehumidifier, washing machines and refrigerators which are distributed in the domestic market. The merger between the two companies, Taiwan Hitachi (Subic), Inc. and Hitachi Air Conditioning Sales (Phils. ), gave way to better opportunities for Hitachi air conditioning products and home appliances to be introduced to a wider range in the market both domestic and global. . KOLIN Philippines International, Inc. A consistent major player in the industry, that is committed to produce, innovate, and distribute world class home appliances and servic e, molded by competence and dedication to quality after-sales-service, guided by moral and ethical business principle. Contributes to the development, growth and upliftment of the welfare of its employees, shareholders, customers and suppliers. Genuinely committed in supporting community endeavors in the preservation of the environment.

Tft2 Cyberlaw, Regulations, and Compliance - 1320 Words

Running Head: Policy Statements 1 Policy Statements Kevin Corey Western Governors University Policy Statements 2 Internationally security techniques and standards, such as ISO 17799, establish guidelines that organizations must implement in order to maintain information security. Information must be protected from those without a readily need to know to perform organizational business functions. Unauthorized access to information can have a detrimental impact on an organization from a legal and operating perspective. One of the primary preventive controls that provide an organization with many operational benefits is continuous log management policies. In addition to helping solve network security related issues, logs†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ †¢ †¢ Policy Statements †¢ †¢ 3 NIST SP 800-53, Provides security and information assurance controls connected to the retention, inspection, and protection of log management records. NIST SP 800-66 helps direct professionals on implementing HIPAA security standards and stresses the need to perform mandatory audit log reviews. The regulation also cites that action documentation of reviews should be maintained for six years. Information security and HIPAA policies should cover all the necessary access and control measures needed to secure information system resources and deter, shield and protect the organization from security breaches. The scenario demonstrates that the organizations overall information security posture is poor. The HIPAA, remote access and retention policies within the information management division need to be addressed due to the healthcare organizations legal obligation to ensure the privacy of protected information. Security safeguards can be addressed through vigilance and the implementation logical and administrative access controls. Properly administered HIPAA Privacy and remote access policies would not only help alleviate but quickly identify 3 undocumented accounts with global remote access. HIPAA security standards require any user with access to protected health information have a documented need to