Medusa Quotes - What do writers say about Medusa

Medusa was  a monstrous being in Greek mythology, with a mass of snakes coming out of her head. According to legend, anyone who looked directly at Medusa would turn to stone. Perseus, a slayer of monsters, beheaded Medusa with a mirror given to him by the Greek gods so that he would not have to look at her. Over the centuries, famous writers as varied as Sigmund Freud and Ray Bradbury to Charlotte Bronte have mentioned Medusa in their poems, novels and general quotes. Below are some of the most memorable quotes from writers who alluded to this mythological figure. Literary Quotes Did I escape, I wonder? / My mind winds to you / Old barnacled umbilicus, Atlantic cable, / Keeping itself, it seems, in a state of miraculous / repair. - Sylvia Plath, Medusa This 1962 poem, which Plath wrote about her mother shortly before committing suicide in 1963, evokes the image of a jellyfish, whose tentacles are almost impossible to escape. The poem is a companion piece to Daddy, a work of exorcism in which she distanced herself from her dead father’s influence, according to Don Tresca, a scholar writing on the MuseMedusa. I thought Medusa had looked at you, and that you were turning to stone. Perhaps now you will ask how much you are worth? - Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre Jayne Eyre, the novels protagonist and narrator in this 1847 classic work of literature, is talking to  her clergyman cousin, St. John Rivers. Eyre had just learned about the death of her beloved uncle, and Rivers was commenting about how emotionless Eyre seemed to be after she heard the sad news. What thus snaky-headed Gorgon-shield / That wise Minerva wore, unconquered virgin, / Wherewith she  freezed  her foes to congealed stone, / But rigid looks of chaste austerity, / And noble grace that dashed brute violence / With sudden adoration and blank awe! - John Milton, Comus Milton, a famous 17th-century poet, is using the Medusa image to explain the importance of maintaining chastity, which is the subject of Comus.  According to myth, Medusa was a virgin until she was raped by the Greek god Poseidon in Athenas temple. Medusa Quotes in Popular Culture The television, that insidious beast, that Medusa which freezes a billion people to stone every night, staring fixedly, that Siren which called and sang and promised so much and gave, after all, so little.- Ray Bradbury The late science fiction writer, who died in 2012, is clearly calling television an idiot box that turns billions of people who gaze upon it nightly into stone. The terror of the Medusa is thus a terror of castration that is linked to the sight of something. The hair upon the Medusas head is frequently represented in works of art in the form of snakes, and these once again are derived from the castration complex. - Sigmund Freud Freud, the famous father of psychoanalysis, was using Medusas snakes to explain his theory of castration anxiety. You read any Greek myths, puppy? The one about the gorgon Medusa, particularly? I used to wonder what could be so terrible that you couldnt survive even looking at it. Until I got a little older and I figured out the obvious answer. Everything. -   Mike Carey and Peter Gross,  The Unwritten, Vol. 1: Tommy Taylor and the Bogus Identity This work is actually a comic book that uses imagery from Harry Potter to ancient mythology to tell the tale of its protagonist Tommy Taylor, the  former model for the boy hero of his father Wilson’s 13 fantasy novels. Taylor uses the Medusa image as a metaphor for his difficulties facing the realities of life. MORE RESOURCES Medusa - Sylvia PlathGorgon Quotes

The Success Of The City Of Detroit - 1575 Words

The city of Detroit was the city of opportunity, wealth and place where anyone could pursue their American dream. In early 1910’s innovative inventor, Henry Ford brought automobile industry into american soil. First and biggest factories of automobile manufacturing was opened in several places in Detroit. Detroit became third biggest city in the United States with largest population during 1950s. Automobile manufacturing was the base of Detroit’s economy for decades. However, today its not like it was before. During 20th to 21st century auto industry had many highs and lows but overall had collapsed completely. While Detroit’s officials though that they settled the economy for a long run, the unexpected change in the city’s profit destroyed the economic system. Detroit which once was mecca for middle class workers, who were pursuing their American Dream had major economical collapse due to miscalculation of revenue, which also led to failure of education system and decline in diversity. Detroit’s economy was build on manufacturing in automobile industry which made Detroit third biggest and richest city of United States, but had great decline in economy when Detroit lost all the manufacturing and investors during late 20th century. During first years of introduction to automobile manufacturing by inventor Henry Ford, Detroit had economical boom. Detroit was home to automobile, steam motor and home appliance manufacturing, cigar production and pharmaceuticals. When HenryShow MoreRelatedThe Road to Bankruptcy of Detroit City Essays615 Words   |  3 Pagesit is inevitable ~ Jamaica Kincaid Founded in 1701 by nearly 100 French settlers, Pontchartrain du Detroit was not doomed to bankruptcy. 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Business Tourism Board

Question: Discuss about the Report for Business Tourism Board. Answer: Purpose of the report The prime purpose of this report is to identify and discuss the various importance as well as value of tourism board. Recommendations Having such efficient and dedicated board of directors, the tourism board is nearly perfect with its working procedure, though there are some aspects that should be improved. It includes different classes of managers from a particular board like Attending the meeting regularly, Involvement of Equity, Skill of the board of members and many others. Quality of Board directors It is crucial to maintain the better quality of board and administrators for making a business better ("Board of Directors", 2011). Some of the qualities of the board members are mentioned below. Skills of Board member The primary importance of using well-skilled board members is to improve the business growth. Consistent meeting and attendance It is introduced to meet a communication between all stakeholders and shareholders of the company. Regular attendance and meeting are mandatory to make the business better(Kim Nofsinger, 2007). It is mandatory to make the regular meeting and attendance for improving a business better. Board member age and equality involvement Age signifies experience, which means an older member of the board has more knowledge on the work than a young member. Conclusion From the above study it is quite clear that the tourism board is something that is really very important and the factors that affect the board externally and internally. Thus it must be admitted that the board have to depend on the mentioned aspects and all the mentioned points are integral parts of the tourism board. References Board of Directors. (2011).Neuroimage,54, S4. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(10)01489-8 Kim, K. Nofsinger, J. (2007).Corporate governance. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson/Prentice Hall.

Optimal LDL cholesterol levels Essay Example

Optimal LDL cholesterol levels Paper Dyslipidemia came from the words â€Å"dys-â€Å" plus â€Å"lipid† which means fat and â€Å"-emia† which means in the blood. Altogether it means essentially, disordered lipids in the blood. According to Merck Co. 2008, Dyslipidemia is a disorder of lipoprotein metabolism, including lipoprotein overproduction or deficiency. Dyslipidemias may be manifested by elevation of the total cholesterol, the bad low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and the triglyceride concentrations, and a decrease in the good high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration in the blood. Dyslipidemia is a condition wherein it comes under consideration in many situations including diabetes, a common cause of lipidemia. For adults with diabetes, it has been recommended that the levels of LDL, HDL, and total cholesterol, and triglyceride be measured every year. Optimal LDL cholesterol levels for adults with diabetes are less than 100 mg/dL (2. 60 mmol/L), optimal HDL cholesterol levels are e4qual to or greater than 40 mg/dL (1. 02 mmol/L), and desirable triglyceride levels are less than 150 mg/dL (1. 7 mmol/L). Dyslipidemias were traditionally classified by patterns of elevation in lipids and lipoproteins. A more practical system categorizes dyslipidemias as primary or secondary and characterizes them by increases in cholesterol only (pure or isolated hypercholesterolemia), increases in TGs only (pure or isolated hypertriglyceridemia), or increases in both cholesterol and TGs (mixed or combined hyperlipidemias). This system does not take into account specific lipoprotein abnormalities (eg, low HDL or high LDL) that may contribute to disease despite normal cholesterol and TG levels. Dyslipidemia is a condition marked by abnormal concentrations of lipids or lipoproteins in the blood. (Merriam- Webster’s Medical Dictionary 2006) We will write a custom essay sample on Optimal LDL cholesterol levels specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Optimal LDL cholesterol levels specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Optimal LDL cholesterol levels specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Primary cause of dyslipidemia are single or multiple genetic mutations that result in either overproduction or defective clearance of TG and LDL cholesterol, or in underproduction or excessive clearance of HDL Primary lipid disorders are suspected when a patient has physical signs of dyslipidemia, onset of premature atherosclerotic disease less than 60 years old, a family history of atherosclerotic disease, or serum cholesterol 240 mg/dL ( 6. 2 mmol/L). Primary disorders, the most common cause of dyslipidemia in children, do not cause a large percentage of cases in adults. The names of many reflect an old nomenclature in which lipoproteins were detected and distinguished by how they separated into ? (HDL) and ? (LDL) bands on electrophoretic gels. The Secondary cause of this disease contributes to most cases of dyslipidemia in adults. The most significant secondary cause in developed countries is a sedentary lifestyle with excessive dietary intake of saturated fat, cholesterol, and trans fatty acids (TFAs). TFAs are polyunsaturated fatty acids to which hydrogen atoms have been added; they are commonly used in many processed foods and are as atherogenic as saturated fat. Other frequent secondary causes include diabetes mellitus, alcohol overuse, chronic renal insufficiency and/or failure, hypothyroidism, primary biliary cirrhosis and other cholestatic liver diseases, and drugs, such as thiazides, ? -blockers, retinoids, highly active antiretroviral agents, estrogen and progestins, and glucocorticoids. Diabetes is most common significant secondary cause because patients tend to have an atherogenic arrangement of high TGs; high small, dense LDL fractions; and low HDLs (diabetic dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemic hyperapo B). Patients with type 2 diabetes are especially at risk. The combination may be a consequence of obesity and/or poor control of diabetes, which may increase circulating FFAs, leading to increased hepatic VLDL production. TG-rich VLDL then transfers TG and cholesterol to LDL and HDL, promoting formation of TG-rich, small, dense LDL and clearance of TG-rich HDL. Diabetic dyslipidemia is often exacerbated by the increased caloric intake and physical inactivity that characterize the lifestyles of some patients with type 2 diabetes. Women with diabetes may be at exceptional risk for cardiac disease from this form. B. Signs and Symptoms Dyslipidemia itself can cause no symptoms but can lead to symptomatic vascular disease, including coronary artery disease and peripheral arterial disease. High TGs ( 1000 mg/dL [ 11. 3 mmol/L]) can cause acute pancreatitis. Extremely high levels of LDL can cause eyelid xanthelasmas; arcus corneae; and tendinous xanthomas found at the Achilles, elbow, and knee tendons and over metacarpophalangeal joints. Patients with the homozygous form of familial hypercholesterolemia may have the above findings plus planar or cutaneous xanthomas. Patients with severe elevations of TGs can have eruptive xanthomas over the trunk, back, elbows, buttocks, knees, hands, and feet. Patients with the rare dysbetalipoproteinemia can have palmar and tuberous xanthomas. Another one is severe hypertriglyceridemia which is ( 2000 mg/dL [ 22. 6 mmol/L]) it can give retinal arteries and veins a creamy white appearance (lipemia retinalis). Extremely high lipid levels also give a lactescent (milky) appearance to blood plasma. Dyslipidemias are usually asymptomatic; it may cause xanthelesmas and xanthelamata, and after a prolonged period it may result into Ischemic heart disease, Peripheral vascular disease, Cerebrovasular disease and kidney disease C. Physical Exam Findings It is usually diagnosed by measuring serum lipids, though it may be suspected in patients with characteristic physical findings. Routine measurements also known as lipid profile, includes total cholesterol (TC), TGs, HDL, and LDL. TC, TGs, and HDL are measured directly; TC and TG values reflect cholesterol and TGs in all circulating lipoproteins, including chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL, and HDL. TC values vary by 10% and TGs by up to 25% day-to-day even in the absence of disease. TC and HDL can be measured in the nonfasting state, but most patients should have all lipids measured while fasting for maximum accuracy and consistency. Testing of the disease should be postponed until after resolution of acute illness, because TGs increase and cholesterol levels decrease in inflammatory states. Lipid profiles are generally reliable within the first 24 h after an acute MI but then change. LDL values are most often calculated as the amount of cholesterol not contained in HDL and VLDL, where VLDL is estimated by TG ? 5; ie, LDL = TC ? [HDL + (TGs ? 5)] (Friedewald formula). VLDL cholesterol is estimated by TG ? 5 because the cholesterol concentration in VLDL particles is usually 1? 5 of the total lipid in the particle. This calculation is valid only when TGs are 400 mg/dL and patients are fasting, because eating increases TGs. The calculated LDL value incorporates measures of all non-HDL, nonchylomicron cholesterol, including that in IDL and Lp(a). LDL can also be measured directly using plasma ultracentrifugation, which separates chylomicrons and VLDL fractions from HDL and LDL, and by an immunoassay method. Direct measurement may be useful in some patients with elevated TGs to determine if LDL levels are also high, but these direct measurements are not routinely necessary. The role of apo B testing is under study because values reflect all non-HDL cholesterol (in VLDL, VLDL remnants, IDL, and LDL) and may be more predictive of coronary artery disease (CAD) risk than LDL alone. (Brunner Suddhart’s Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing 10th edition 2004) A fasting lipid profile (TC, TGs, HDL, and calculated LDL) should be obtained in all adults ? 20 yr and should be repeated q 5 yr. Lipid measurement should be accompanied by assessment of other cardiovascular risk factors, defined as diabetes mellitus, cigarette use, hypertension, and family history of CAD in a male 1st-degree relative before age 55 or a female 1st-degree relative before age 65. A definite age after which patients no longer require screening has not been established, but evidence supports screening of patients into their 80s, especially in the presence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Indications for screening patients 20 yr are atherosclerotic risk factors, such as diabetes, hypertension, cigarette smoking, and obesity; premature CAD in a parent, grandparent, or sibling; or a cholesterol level 240 mg/dL ( 6. 2 mmol/L) or known dyslipidemia in a parent. If information on relatives is unavailable, as in the case of adopted children, screening is at the discretion of the health care practitioner. Patients with premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular disease with normal or near-normal lipid levels, an extensive family history of heart disease, or high LDL refractory to drug therapy should probably have Lp(a) levels measured. Lp(a) levels may also be directly measured in patients with borderline high LDL to determine if drug therapy is warranted. C-reactive protein and homocysteine measurement may be considered in the same populations. Tests for secondary causes of dyslipidemia—including measurements of fasting glucose, liver enzymes, creatinine, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and urinary protein—should be performed in most patients with newly diagnosed dyslipidemia, and when a component of the lipid profile has inexplicably changed for the worse. D. Treatment Prognosis The prognosis of this disease varies with lipid levels and other cardiovascular risk factors. Treatment for dyslipidemia is indicated for all patients with cardiovascular disease (secondary prevention) and for some without (primary prevention). The National Institutes of Healths National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII) guidelines are the most common reference for deciding which adults should be treated The guidelines focus primarily on reducing elevated LDL levels and secondarily on treating high TGs, low HDL, and metabolic syndrome (see Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome: Metabolic Syndrome). An alternate treatment guide (the Sheffield table) uses TC: HDL ratios combined with presence of CAD risk factors to predict cardiovascular risk, but this approach probably leads to undertreatment. E. Bibliography Anne Hackman, MD; Yasunori Abe, MD; William Insull, Jr, MD; Henry Pownall, PhD; Louis Smith, PhD; Kay Dunn, PhD; Antonio M. Gotto, Jr, MD, DPhil; Christie M. Ballantyne, MD; 1996 Levels of Soluble Cell Adhesion Molecules in Patients With Dyslipidemia; Circulation. 1996;93:1334-1338 Brunner Suddhart’s Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing 10th edition 2004 Frick MH, Elo O, Haapa K, Heinonen OP, Heinsalmi P, Helo P, Huttunen JK, Kaitaniemi P, Koskinen P, Manninen V 1987 Nov 12;317(20):1237-45. Helsinki Heart Study: primary-prevention trial with gemfibrozil in middle-aged men with dyslipidemia. Safety of treatment, changes in risk factors, and incidence of coronary heart disease. et al. 1: N Engl J Med. Haffner SM 1998 Jan; 21(1):160-78. Management of dyslipidemia in adults with diabetes. PMID: 9538988 [PubMed indexed for MEDLINE] Jonathan Valabhji, Robert S Elkeles 2003; Dyslipidemia in Type 2 Diabetes: Epidemiology and Biochemistry Medicine Net, Inc. 1996-2008; Dyslipidemia definition: http://www. medterms. com/script/main/art. asp? articlekey=33979 Merck Manual Professional 1995-2008; Dyslipidemia: Lipid Disorders: http://www. merck. com/mmpe/sec12/ch159/ch159b. html Merriam- Webster’s Medical Dictionary 2006

Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter,and Spring Essays

Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter,and Spring Essays Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter,and Spring Essay Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter,and Spring Essay This is the main drama of the movie and is what most of the movie revolves around. Finally the last point that I want to stress was the Eightfold path and how it explains in what ways the perfect Buddhist should be. It is shown throughout the entire movie and unfolds along with the movie. Going through I want to explore each of these concepts and dive deeper into their meanings and grasp a better understanding while connecting every point with the movie Spring, Summer, Fall, , and Spring. Winter . In the Spring portion of the movie It shows the student as a young child. He Is even the freedom to roam around as he pleases around halls house and In the forest surrounding his home. One day he goes out to play In the forest not knowing that he is being watched by his teacher. In good humor the small boy ties a string attached with a rock around a fish, and then a frog, and finally a snake, making it highly difficult for any of them to move around. The master observes this behavior, however does not make his presence known. Some time later, the master ties a large stone to the back of the child while he is sleeping one night in order to teach him the harm of hat he had done to the animals. Palling says of the Buddhist precept that we have to behave with friendliness, understanding, and loving-kindness towards ourselves, other people, animals, and even plants and the planet we live on (21). In order to behave with friendliness, we have to understand what that entails. The boy was too young to grasp this understanding of friendliness, thus making his master teach him by doing to him what he had done to the animals. In summer of the movie the young child has much progressed from a young boy to a young man. He has lived in isolation from what it appears to be his whole life, just him and his master. A young woman, whom appears to be about his age, is very ill and comes to their house to get well. She stays with them for quite some time and the student tries very hard, however he cannot overcome his temptations. At first every time he had a sexual thought he immediately caught himself and would go pray to the Buddha. Unfortunately though after awhile the temptations become stronger as with his curiosity and one day is overcome with his emotions. Besides he fact that he is giving In to his cravings, he Is also giving less time and thought Into his religious day to day activities. Buddhism does not view the Idea of sex Itself as bad, however what It can become Is what they are against (Palling 25). Buddhist Instead encourage their followers to drop all forms of slavery or burden and discourage giving into and over indulging into temptations (Palling 25). The young man was not In trouble Tort Dealing Involved In a sexual act, want was Drowned upon was the idea that he was sneaking around and not performing his duties because of t. He was no longer able to control himself or his emotions, he acted as if he needed that craving and that is the weakness that is not excepted. Throughout the movie it was hard not to notice the elements that made up the Noble Eightfold Path which consists of perfect vision, perfect emotion, perfect speech, perfect action, perfect livelihood, perfect effort, perfect awareness, and perfect Ashamed (concentration) are crucial at the last scenes of the movie (Palling 50). The young boy that we observed in the beginning of the movie has now completely ransomed into an older man that has gone through life and has made a terrible mistake; murder. He has now returned, after serving time in Jail, to where he grew up to discover his master long gone and his house abandoned. Out of respect he performs a ritual to put his masters soul at rest, and the gets started on what he went there to do. He took out his masters old robes and started to practice Buddhism rituals, reading, writing, and yoga. After a long while of training and much Ashamed, concentration, he starts the great task of putting his past behind him. At his point in the movie is where all of the Noble Eightfold Path ideals are shown. As he puts on his robes and carries a statue of the Buddha with a large stone tied to his back, to symbolize the weight of his past, he makes the tremendous Journey up to the mountain peaks to place the ever watching Buddha on the top of the mountain facing his house. This was a very pivotal moment in the movie showing all of the Noble Eightfold Path ideals but it also showed that he was no longer a student anymore but a person that had made a change and that was ready to move on with his life and become a teacher. In conclusion,

How To Choose The Perfect Blog Categories

How To Choose The Perfect Blog Categories Perhaps you stumbled upon the long list of the top blog categories according to Google, and realized with horror that you were using all of them on your blog. You have too many categories. You ended up with a lot of blog categories because you didnt put much thought into them before you started, or you created them on the fly as you wrote. You ended up with category bloat, and your  niche blog  went off track. You  turned to tags  as a way to bring order to a runaway blog. Readers use categories to find more of your writing on the same topic. Plus, some WordPress themes use categories to determine the placement of posts and the layout of your blog. If youre going to use categories, you should use them well. Choosing And Naming Blog Categories How many blog categories should you have? The number of categories you ought to have varies, but the fewer the better both for you and the reader. I like to keep it under eight, and though that is merely a preference of mine, once you start heading past ten categories, your blog will get unwieldy for readers and writers. How do you choose categories for your blog? 1. Ask Questions About Your Blog The best way to understand your blog is to ask questions about it. What does your theme allow? Some themes, as we pointed out, use categories to organize your content visually. Some themes have limited space should you want to include a list of your categories. What will your theme allow? Do you have to choose a category to fit the rotating banner on the home page? Do you need a subset of what you talk about the most? Lets say your answer to that question is writing. If you have a writing blog, a category of writing is a terrible idea. Youd want to break it down into, maybe, blogging and fiction, subsets of writing. But if you have a blog about marketing techniques, perhaps writing isnt too broad in the scheme of things. Is your blog a niche blog? If so, you will have very specific categories, tightly clustered around your niche topic. If your niche blog is on shoes, you will not have a category called shoes. You might have a category of stilettos. The goal? Understand what your blog is about, in as few words as possible. In a way, your blog categories are like your blogs elevator speech. There is no time for excess.

Foundations of terrorism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Foundations of terrorism - Research Paper Example Hence, finding a certain ungrounded reason, more so driven by extremism to exterminate the innocent. Al-Qaeda is a Saudi opposition movement that emerged in the 1990s. Its main aim was to Islamize the Saudi society. This was a response to what they perceived as a cultural attack by the West on the Muslim religion. The group’s source of influence came from Abdallah Azzam teachings. In the 1980s, Abdallah ‘Azzam led the Afghan mujahideen. In 1979, the USSR invaded Afghanistan. To those who were cautioning against a Western cultural attack, this was an affirmation of their assumptions. This struggle gave young religious Saudis an opportunity to defend their religion and culture, which they deemed the West, more so the US would lead to its extinction. Hundreds of young men travelled to Afghanistan to join the mujahideen, the Muslim guerilla fighters. Instead of joining the fight to remove the US forces, they engaged Soviets who had penetrated Afghanistan. Numerous Saudis turned out to be Abdallah Azzam adherents together with Bin Laden (Javaid & Noureen, 2013). Azzam had studied the Islamic law to the extent of attaining a doctorate level whereby he embarked on teaching the same in Jordan. He had already joined the Muslim Brotherhood. After he was fired, he decided to help other members of the brotherhood movement in planning for the Soviet Jihad both in Pakistan and Afghanistan. This is where Bin Laden became a close ally and assisted him with the logistics and financing. According to Azzam, it was mandatory for every Muslim (fard al-ayn) to defend the Islamic lands against the infidel penetration. Several leaders coming from the Muslim community endorsed Azzams ideas. His other colleagues in Saudi Arabia were against the Western penetration and preached about it, but Azzam went as far as transforming his ideas into successful armed struggles.

Orthodox Judaism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Orthodox Judaism - Research Paper Example An article published on patheos.com (2008-2011) established that Orthodox Judaism was originated through innovations in the Jewish practice introduced by the Reform movement in the mid 19th century in Central Europe. According to this said source, religious observances of Orthodox Jews include; daily worship, traditional prayers, the study of the Torah, dietary laws and gender segregation in the synagogue. In addition, the Hebrew language is essential in the Orthodox religious practices and they are very strict when observing the Sabbath. A number of Orthodox sects have risen from Orthodox Judaism over the years. One primary distinction within the Orthodox happens to be social engagement. Particular sects of Orthodox Judaism believe that; as people of God, they should live isolated from Gentiles whilst other sects believe that they can keep the Torah and live in a secular world at the same time. Basic Principles/Tenets of Orthodox Judaism Despite the multitude of Orthodox sects in Ju daism, all Jews share basic beliefs and principles which act as guidelines or rules which influences their actions or thoughts. These principles are grouped together as the Rambam’s â€Å"13 principles of faith†. ...Believe with perfect faith that God is one and there is no unity that is in anyway like his. Believe with perfect faith that God doesn’t have a body-physical concept don’t apply to him. Believe with perfect faith that God is first and last. Believe with perfect faith that it is only right to pray to God and no one else. Believe with perfect faith that the words of the prophets are true. Believe with perfect faith that the prophecy of Moses is absolutely true-he is the chief of all prophets both before and after him. Believe with perfect faith that the entire Torah that we now have is what was given to Moses. Believe with perfect faith that the Torah we now have will not be changed and there’ll never be another one given by God. Believe with perfect faith that God knows all of man’s deeds and thoughts. Believe with perfect faith that God rewards who keeps His commandments and punishes those who transgress Him. Believe with perfect faith in the coming of the Messiah. Believe with perfect faith that God will resurrect the dead†. Beliefs on Life and Death The Jewish laws acknowledge that the human soul exists long before it is born. But ‘life’ begins at the time of birth when the child is more than halfway emerged from the mother’s body. (Tracy R Rich, 1995-2011) Naturally, anything that has a beginning has an end-so when does ‘life’ end according to the Orthodox Judaism religion? Another article published by Tracy R Rich dictated that traditional Jews believe that death is not the end of the human existence.

Where You Go To Achieve Your Fitness Desires Essay Example for Free

Where You Go To Achieve Your Fitness Desires Essay Situated, and being the sole tenant at the top-most floor of a 40-story building, Feat to Fit enjoys the freedom of its location. It is around a thousand square meter facility with various fitness machines in various corners of the facility. The wall is made of glass panels where men and women doing their fitness activities, unassisted or not, have the freedom to look at the clear view of the city laid out before them at the foot of the building or somewhere far so long their eye sight can reach the view. The center itself is situated in the middle of the building as there is a terrace portion on all four corners of the building. Anyone can enjoy the fee sunlight after their shower or pass a few minutes drinking iced-tea or some refreshments right after they have burned out some calories. There are adjustable gazebos (it can be closed or opened as umbrellas). There is a little bar inside offering drinks to the always thirsty Feat to Fit clients. There are 12 shower rooms, 3 each in every corner of the facility. At the entrance, there is the lobby, where drinking and reading and watching the fitness center’s wide LCD screen (approximately 60 inches wide) that’s always tuned in a sports channel. That’s where the reception lady and/or guy always busy herself or himself with the customers or some administrative tasks. From the ground floor, the Feat to Fit center can be accessed through 2 possible options of taking elevator, one arriving at the side (minor) entrance of the center and another stopping right in front of the main entrance where the reception is. At the south of the entrance (across it), there is the stairway, another option to use in order to reach or leave the center. There is a fire exit near this stair. Below, the property is mixed residential-commercial. I wonder why this was possible but it was already this mix when Feat to Fit opened in this location. It was blessing in disguise though as there are a lot of both residential tenants and office employees using the center now.

Hinduism Essay -- Religion India Expository Essays Hindu

Hinduism Introduction Hinduism - stands for the faith and the way of life most of the people who live in India.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hinduism is such an ancient religion that it had many types of beliefs and religious practices. Around 1750 BC Aryan invaders from central Asia settled in North - West India and introduced their own religious ideas.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Slowly the Hindu came to accept the idea of the existence of an eternal supreme being. They called this being, Brahman. Hindus also worship different gods which individually represent one particular aspect of Brahman. The most popular one of the lesser gods are Brahma (the creator), Vishnu (the preserver), and Shiva (the destroyer) Hinduism has no founder. It is a religion that has slowly developed over a period of time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hindu Beliefs   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hindu Gods   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Hindus have four gods Brahman, Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva. There main god is Brahman. He is the origin and the sustainer of all life, and the goal of all things. He is eternal and omnipotent and only he is real. They believe that Brahman is so great that he cannot be explained in human words because all humans are imperfect and Brahman is perfect. Shiva   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Shiva is usually depicted with six arms each one representing a different function to preform. He is known as the destroyer and restorer of life, symbol of the reproductive force of nature, philosopher and sage. He has a third eye which signifies wisdom or higher consciousness. He has a blue throat which is a result of him swallowing a full cup of mans sins. Worship of Shiva includes fertility rites and veneration of the symbols of male and female sex organs. Most Hindus imagine Shiva as being in deep meditation high in the Himalayas. Shiva is the ultimate god who holds in divine tension the preservation and destruction of the cosmos, both its birth and death. At times he is portrayed as the great ascetic. He is often depicted as the reconciler of dualities such as good and evil, eroticism and asceticism, his creative energy is depicted in the Lingam and Yoni. Shiva is frequently shown in loving union with his consort Parvati (another form of the great goddess)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Shiva devotees are called Shaivites, and devotion usually takes the form of Yogic practice. Shiva is often pictured, in one of the best known religious images from India, as the lord of the cos... ...in January-February and lasts thirty-six hours. The name of this festival means "night sacred to Shiva", because worship goes on throughout the night. Compared to other festivals it is a solemn occasion marked by fasting. Some devotees of Shiva do not sleep, eat or drink for the thirty-six hours. During the night Shiva is worshiped with singing and dancing in shrines dedicated to the god. In the shrine is a small stone pillar representing the god Shiva around which people assemble and perform puja. Offerings are made by pouring milk, honey and melted butter over the linga. When the fast ends at about four o'clock much feasting follows with sweet potatoes and cucumbers among the many foods eaten. The people remember a story which helps to explain why they fast and keep watch throughout the night. The story tells of a hunter who was once chased by a tiger, he climbed a tree to escape, and he had to perch the whole night as the tiger crouched below. To make sure he did not fall asleep he plucked the leaves one by one and dropped them on the ground. There was an image of Shiva under the tree, as the leaves fell Shiva felt he was being worshiped and blessed the hunter.

My Fair Lady – How is Eliza transformed from a ‘squashed cabbage leaf’ into a ‘duchess’?

Dublin born Bernard Shaw made the elevation from his Synge Street origins to a famous writer. The blockbusting musical, ‘My Fair Lady' derived from Shaw's most prominent play ‘Pygmalion' which was also popular in the early 20th century. In the 1900s, class was very important and the belief that you were born into a class and stayed there was common knowledge. Shaw wrote ‘Pygmalion' because the distinction between the working and middle class had never been made. The play shows the differences between the classes and how a common ‘guttersnipe' can become a respectable member of society. Well, if Shaw managed it why couldn't his main character, Eliza. â€Å"Liza Doolittle.† The cockney girl is not only dirty, in need of a dentist, unfashionable and common but also has a coarse, even painful, voice and badly pronounced language. Despite of Eliza's flaws we feel sorry for her and her likeability stands out. Eliza takes the initiative, after hearing Henry Higgins's boast, to change the way she is. â€Å"I want to be a lady in a flower shop stead of sellin' at the corner of Tottenham Court Road†. Eliza goes to Higgins's lab in Wimpole Street. Eliza tries to clean herself up by washing her hands and face and offers to pay Higgins for phonetics lessons all in the effort to make herself equal to those around her. â€Å"Did you tell them I come in a taxi?† Eliza knows that she'll have to act like a lady as well as talk like one but she must also look like a duchess. Mrs Pearce, the fiery housekeeper to Henry Higgins, will often speak her mind to Higgins especially on her thoughts of Eliza. Mrs Pearce makes Eliza look like a lady by bathing her and dressing her in the day's fashions. Doolittle, Eliza's father, stands out of Eliza's way when she is clean and nicely dressed. â€Å"Don't you recognize your own daughter?† This shows that asceticism is important in the distinction of the classes. Professor Henry Higgins believes that phonetics will change Eliza into a duchess. Eliza learns to speak properly and she is accepted by the Eynsford-Hills when before, in Covent Garden, she was rejected by them. This means that phonetics also made Eliza into a duchess. However, Eliza did not have social niceties and had to learn not only how to speak but what to speak about. â€Å"Of course she's not presentable, if you suppose for a moment that she doesn't give herself away in every sentence she utters you must be perfectly cracked about her.† She obviously needs social ability to be more Lady like. Colonel Pickering and Higgins are very different in the way that they treat Eliza. Pickering treats Eliza with respect and makes her confident and Higgins bullies her though I believe both make her into a duchess. Higgins' bullying and mean remarks make Eliza strong. â€Å"I'm not afraid of you, I can do without you.† Pickering treated her as she ought to be treated, giving her the power, confidence and bravery to stand up to Higgins. In conclusion, I believe that like many things, it was not one aspect that changed Eliza. She couldn't have become a ‘duchess' without aesthetics, phonetics and social ability and a Lady wouldn't take Higgins' bullying. But, Higgins and Pickering did teach Eliza an unexpected lesson – it is not how you look or how you speak that matters, but the treatment you receive. For even if Higgins ‘treats a duchess like a flower girl', Pickering will always ‘treat a flower girl like a duchess'.

My Future Education Essay

My life is different right now than when I was a high school student because now I’m preparing to study so I can get a degree and before I was just studying so that I could graduate from high school. My work in college is really important because it decides how my future is going to be. As a college student, I’m more responsible than I was before because now I take my work more seriously and that depends if I graduate or not. Like many people, I have educational goals in life. Some are more important than others. One of them was to graduate from high school and that’s what I did last year. Another educational goal is to graduate from college, then go to Sac State and study for my chosen career midwifery. An education matters to me because the level of education I have will have a great impact on the options I will have later on in life the more options, the better jobs I can get. Paul Logan and I have concluded that education matters because we have more opportunities to obtain so we can have a better future. In essay â€Å"Zero† by Paul Logan he says â€Å"They shoved and threatened me on the bus, teased me in the halls, and mocked me during lunchtime. NERD. GEEK. LOSER. These insults were fired at me like bullets. Sometimes they came with fists I got scared†. His fears of being bothered by their classmates changed him from being a responsible, and intelligent child to someone who does not care if he gets good grades and is a good student. He changed to be this so his classmates did not bother him more and saw that he was like them and not a nerd as they used to say call him. â€Å"Years of putting social time and my job ahead of school left me without study habits to deal with college work. Years of following others left me unequipped to make smart choices about my education. In addition to lacking skills, I also lacked motivation,†Loga n comments. Logan made bad choices that ultimately affected him in his education because his skills, and motivation were lacking. The way in which Logan overcame his challenges was by deciding to go back to college. He made this decision because he saw his old friends continue studying while he worked. So with the money he had saved for the months he worked he pay his classes and had the opportunity to continue studying in college. As I was reading Logan’s essay, I felt sorry for him because he had to change his  appearance of a good boy that cares about his education to someone that thinks education doesn’t matter in life. He also had to change his thoughts about school, just because he wanted to fit in with others, and because he didn’t want them to reject him or make fun of him. But at the end, I was happy because he realized the mistakes he did by not putting attention on his education and he decided to go back to college so he could have a better job and a better educ ation. Like Logan, going to college was a great opportunity to for my education but also I had to face several challenges, like turning my work on time. This happens because sometimes I have difficulty managing my time because I have never been in control of my own schedule. In this semester the classes I found easy are Sign Language, Math, Business Computer Apps and English. The class that I found a little bit hard is Psychology because there are words that I don’t know and sometimes are difficult for me to learn them. Sometimes I have so much homework to do or I get distracted too easy by any sound that people made or at home when my siblings are yelling and that’s how I lose my time. Stress is another challenge that I’m facing at college because I get stressed out so quickly when I don’t understand something or when I get a lot of homework and I feel that I can’t do it. So I just give up and don’t do it until I get relax and ask for help. Also when I’m really stress and I don’t know what to do to solve it I start crying, get mad with others or I just go to my room lay down on my bed listen music until I calm down. Techniques I’m learning that helps me to succeed in college are that when I need help on my homework or something I don’t understand about my classes I have to speak up and ask for help. I can meet my teachers and ask them to help me on what I don’t understand. I have met with my Psychology teacher and she has help me on what I don’t understand. There are also tutors that can help me on my homework and classes, them like teachers are there to help me on any questions I have. My teacher and tutors have help me a lot because now I understand more the class and when I need help I go with them so they can help me. To succeed I also have to study hard, pass all my classes and have good grades if I want to go to Sac State. My parents made it possible to succeed as a college student because they brought me to this country from Mexico so I could have better opportunities in my education. They have worked hard so I can study and have a better education than they had. Both of my parents just graduated from high school and that was the last education they received. My parents always tell me that I have to study so I can have a great education, job and future. They don’t want me to suffer what they did like on founding jobs or on not having a good education. That’s why my parents inspired me to keep studying. They were my inspiration to keep studying and I’m going to make them be proud of me, so they can see that they educated me right and that all they did so I could have a better education. I want to show my family from Mexico that coming to USA to study wasn’t a waste of time, but a big opportunity to have a better education. Before I came to USA they use to say to me that coming to USA wasn’t a good idea because they thought that I wouldn’t be able to adapt to a new country, and language. They also thought that later in my life in this country, I would get married and work in the fields, but I want show them that they were wrong on what they said. While I’m in college, I would like to achieve passing my classes, graduating, and to improving my English skills. I would like to improve on my grammar and on writing essays because these two things are my weakness in English. My goals for the next few years is to transfer to Sac State so I could keep studying and graduate as a midwife. Once I’ve graduated from college and transfer to Sac State, I would like to move to an apartment so I could stay close to where I am studying or working. In the future, I see myself working in a hospital as a midwife helping women to give birth to their babies and enjoying it because that was my decision what I chose to my future. Some day in the future, I would like to have a family teach and give advices to my children’s about education and tell them that education can guarantee want you want for your future. By time I get old, I would like to be happy and proud of what I accomplish because my goal of keep studying and been a mi dwife. For me an education is like going to a new country and discovering more  about its culture. Success to me is a continued process of hard work, intelligence, extraordinary skills, and my goals that I complete. Also successful is that which makes me complete without any dissatisfaction and watching the happy faces of my parents because they are proud of what I’ve done. If I give a look back on my life, I hope I would have achieved putting more effort than I did before in learning English. I would do this because right I now that my English is a little bit bad and sometimes I have trouble in school and in my daily life because of it. I also would like to change on getting better grades because there was a time that my grades were so low and I wasn’t proud of it. I guess this happened because by that time everything was easy for me but now I know that was a great mistake. Education is important to me because it will have a great impact on later options I’ll have later in life. It’s important because I’m going to be the first of my family to graduate from college and I want to make my parents proud of me because they work hard to give me a better education than the one they had. I want them to see that I got a good education that helped me achieve my goals and that I’m someone with a great life and career.

Wal-Marts History and Impact essays

Wal-Mart's History and Impact essays Sam Walton, in founding the Wal-Mart Corporation, not only changed the face of business in Arkansas but retailing and business as a whole on the planet. The Wal-Mart epic has been nothing short of a unique business phenomenon. Sam Walton single handedly turned a dying Ben Franklin Five and Dime store into a multi-billion dollar corporation without compromising his own ethics and morals, and became one of the worlds largest and most generous philanthropists and, for a time, the richest man in the United States of America. Wal-Mart has also been criticized for its effects on small town so called mom and pop businesses and several studies have been performed analyzing said effects. These small town effects can be expected when more than 93 million people a week (Slam-Dunking) flock to Wal-Marts around the country to shop their unmatchable prices. Of course, one of Wal-Marts keys to success has been their lack of competition. Wal-Mart did what their competitors would have never tho ught to do- build in rural areas where people are being forced to drive 20 to 30 miles to shop for groceries. Building in rural communities created an economic and social center for the community without the element of competition and created several hundred jobs for members of the community. Sam Walton started his career in business as the owner of one of Ben Franklin's 5 and 10 store franchises. He began to become unhappy with the state of his failing business, and was in a store were all previous owners had failed. So he began to breech the understood rules of a franchise and ordered merchandise directly from the manufacturers in order to undersell his competitors. This greatly displeased his superiors but they were forced to tolerate it because of the success of a store that had failed so many times. Walton took what he learned from Franklins 5 and 10 and used it to create the first Wal-Mart in my hometown of Roge...

Interview gone wrong It might be the interviewer. Here’s how to judge.

Interview gone wrong It might be the interviewer. Here’s how to judge. When you stroll out of a good interview, it can feel like you’re walking on air. When you walk out of a bad one, it can feel like you have the weight of the world on your shoulders. Usually, where you land on this spectrum can tell you how good your chances of getting the job are. But sometimes, you can have a â€Å"bad† interview without botching your chances at getting hired. The fault for a bad interview can lie not with the interviewee, but with the interviewer. Bad Interviewers versus tough interviewersWhat you need to understand is that not all businesses are pros when it comes to screening potential employees. Some have had their interview and background check policies in place for years. Others have only recently implemented processes for vetting new people and are working to refine those processes. As a result, it’s more than likely that you will run into at least one or two inexperienced or downright bad interviewers while you are on the job search.The tricky thing is knowing how to distinguish truly incompetent hiring managers from interviewers who are tough but fair. You might be inclined to dislike a tough interviewer if the interview doesn’t go the way you want it to- especially if you have been searching for a job for a while and are running low on patience. Still, knowing how to tell the bad interviewers from the tough interviewers is essential. It can tell you how you should feel about your interview, which steps you need to take to improve your interview technique, and whether you are still interested in the job. After all, a truly bad interviewer might indicate bad management or sloppy administrative organization.The symptoms of an incompetent interviewerSo how can you tell when a hiring manager is really dropping the ball? Below, we’ve listed some of the most common symptoms of bad interviewers and what they might mean for you.Unbalanced conversationsA job interview is a chance for employers to learn more a bout you and for you to learn more about the job opportunity. While interviews are often thought of as glorified QA sessions (with the interviewee giving most of the answers), there should be more back and forth than that. Some interviewers deliberately shift this balance one way or the other. Some talk a lot, rambling about their business, going off on tangents, or putting words in the mouth of the interviewee. Others are borderline silent, relying on the interviewee to drive the conversation.Both techniques can sometimes be employed to test the assertiveness of the interviewee. However, in most cases, they create awkward or combative interview situations. No applicant should be put in the position of having to interrupt their interviewer to get a word in edgewise. Similarly, no candidate should have to meander through a one-sided conversation hoping they say what their passive interviewer wants to hear.Either way, you’re probably dealing with a rude person who doesn’ t respect your time or your right to ask questions of your own. If you still want the job, you need to take control of the conversation. In a situation in which an interviewer talks too much, keep your answers to questions rolling with no pauses or openings for an interruption. In a situation in which your interviewer doesn’t talk, accept the challenge. Answer questions pointedly and concisely, retain eye contact at all times, and don’t ramble. If you finish a response and the interviewer doesn’t engage with you, take the opportunity to ask a question of your own. Even an interviewer with a good poker face won’t outright ignore a direct question.MultitaskingThe business world is busy, but not so busy that interviewers can’t give you their full attention for 20 or 30 minutes at a pre-scheduled time. If your interviewer is multitasking during your interview (e.g. checking their phone, responding to emails, taking calls, flagging down passing coworker s or subordinates, or eating lunch), that’s a huge red flag. These distractions can kill your focus, derail your answers, and keep you from getting in the groove. They also make it seem like the interviewer doesn’t care about what you’re saying.Bottom line, interviewers who multitask could be self-absorbed shmucks who think their time is more valuable than yours. If your interviewer won’t give you his or her full attention, gently ask if there is some sort of emergency going on and whether it would be better to reschedule. This query gives the interviewer the benefit of the doubt, shows your flexibility, and gives you a chance of getting a better interview later if there truly is a fire to put out.Keeping you waitingInterviewers often refuse to see candidates who arrive even five minutes late. They expect interviewees to respect their time. Every so often, though, you’ll run into an interviewer who can’t practice what they preach. Again, eme rgencies do happen, and there might be a good reason for your interview starting 10 or 15 minutes late. However, your time is valuable, too, and if an interviewer makes you wait for 20 or more minutes with no explanation or apology, then that’s probably an indicator of a bad boss.Lack of preparationPreparation is another area in which interviewers and interviewees are often judged based on different standards. As an interviewee, you are expected to know a bit about the company you are applying for and to have good questions prepared about the job. Interviewers can sometimes get away with being unprepared just because they are holding all the cards.If it seems like the interviewer hasn’t ever looked at your resume, that’s a red flag, but not a deal breaker. Interviews in which the hiring manager asks you specific questions about past work history are certainly the easiest and most welcoming. However, they aren’t necessarily standard. Interviewers often mee t with several candidates a day during the hiring process, so it makes sense than resumes could start running together.The key is not to let the interviewer’s obvious lack of preparation throw you off your game. Assume the interviewer knows nothing about you and affirm key details about skills, qualifications, past jobs, and former employers in your responses. Bring a copy of your resume to the interview. Most hiring managers print off their own copies, but it’s never a bad idea to have one you can give to the interviewer if necessary. This act shows your preparedness while also subtly jogging the interviewer’s memory.ConclusionBad interviews are going to happen from time to time. Sometimes, the blame may fall on your lap. Other times, a bad interviewer is to blame. By familiarizing yourself with the symptoms of bad interviewers, you should be able to figure out the truth of the matter. While that bit of knowledge might not change the outcome of the interview, i t can change elements of how you perform, how you feel about the experience, and how you learn from your interviews to improve in the future.About the author:Michael Klazema has been developing products for criminal background check and improving online customer experiences in the background screening industry since 2009. He is the lead author and editor for Backgroundchecks.com. He lives in Dallas, TX with his family and enjoys the rich culinary histories of various old and new world countries.

Global Study300 Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Global Study300 - Movie Review Example The globalization can be considered as an outcome of discrediting communism and the excessive harnessing of fortunes by nations to the newly introduced global markets. Within the United States, Democratic as well as Republican administrations embrace unshackled globalization over the dissents of organized labor. The foremost real examination of globalization for America happened in 1993, with the execution of NAFTA. The NAFTA’s scope was the North American nations of Mexico, Canada and The United States. It was drafted and substantially afoot during the presidential term of George H.W. Bush, although it was completely enforced under the regime of Bill Clinton. This trade organization received substantial endorsement by Wall Street and business leaders but was excessively criticized by labor leaders of United States. It was Clinton plans that won during the election campaigns in 1992 which provided that NAFTA is needed to be implemented but it should force Mexico to increase pollution and labor standards in order to make them parallel to the U.S. standards. Therefore the basis of this unrestricted trade was set and the U.S policy makers can be attributed as its authors and directors (Heights Production

Innovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Innovation - Essay Example As an enabler of social, personal, business and information sharing interaction, Internet has had far reaching effects on the societies and individuals across the world. Previously unimagined, Internet has allowed people to have instant online access to information including news, education, and entertainment as well as allowed communication through email. While this facility has had a notable effect on individual lives and how we communicate and do business, the real societal changes lie elsewhere. The Internet has allowed democratisation of information where individuals and communities can now become producers in addition to being consumers of information. Domains like journalism and art, which were limited to mainstream and traditional spheres of influence, have opened up to individuals who can express and create their own identity and personal following. Social networking sites like Facebook and Youtube have given rise to new online relationships. While some of these never result in face to face contact in person, the phenomenon has enabled connections across geographical and cultural divides based on personal preferences, interest groups and vocational interests. Several social support groups have sprung up on the webs which have particularly helped those who are either shy or unable to be part of physical groups. The ability to be anonymous on the web is an advantage here. Finally, the Internet has increasingly become home for civic and political advocacy (Lin & Atkin, 20 07: p. 184). President Obama’s presidential campaign depended heavily on the Internet, for example. Tyler noted that there was nothing new about the Internet and that it merely allowed â€Å"new ways of doing old things† and did not have a social impact (Tyler, 2002). So, in essence, are the benefits or pitfalls caused by Internet indistinguishable from those we already know of? Perhaps the answer is not that

The impact of culture on entrepreneurial management Essay

The impact of culture on entrepreneurial management - Essay Example Hofstede defines culture as â€Å"the collective programming of the mind, which distinguishes the members of one human group from another†¦. Culture, in this sense, includes systems of values; and values are among the building blocks of culture† (Hofstede & Hofstede, 2005). Culture is learned and not inherited. Individuals are born into and shaped by that culture which has been existing. This culture influences the way we think, behave and act. Culture can be referred as the acquired knowledge that people use to interpret experience and to generate social behaviour (Rugman & Hodgetts, 2002). Cultural differences can be found at the regional, national, ethnic, and organizational levels. Hence, Hofstede (1991) suggested that cultural influences on organizations "are most clearly recognizable at the national level" (cited by Justin, 2002). This has been the most widely accepted definition of culture and this essay will determine the impact of culture on indigenous entreprene urs, immigrant entrepreneurs and women entrepreneurs. Culture influences attitudes and behavior, varies within and across nations and within and across ethnicities, and is strongly embedded in indigenous communities. (Lindsay, 2005). Culture influences the motives, values, and beliefs of individuals (Hayton, George, & Zahra, 2002) that reflects on their attitudes. In term of business, people would view and conduct their business differently according to their attitude, which is derived from their own culture. â€Å"If we learn anything from the history of economic development, it is culture makes all difference† (Landes, 1998). Maznevski et al., (2002) state that culture is a group-level phenomenon, but it influences individuals’ perception, values and behaviour, especially with respect to social interaction. It is thus evident that culture is an important factor of economic success. Culture is a big influence

Findings Chapter on Resilience Research

Findings Chapter on Resilience Research Chapter four: Stage 1 qualitative data collection, analysis and empirical findings Introduction This chapter discusses the first stage of empirical study, including its data collection, data analysis and findings. This chapter discusses how different data collection and analysis methods were used during the research to find answers to the research questions. In particular, this chapter describes the use of semi-structured interview method to collect data for the research (next section). Sampling techniques used for the study are discussed, followed by the development of interview questions and process of conducting interviews. Then the qualitative data analysis approach will be discussed. Empirical findings of the stage one are presented and explained in detail. This chapter will also highlight the contribution to the concept of resilience. This would be achieved through incorporating empirical findings to refine the Proactive Performance Measurement for SC resilience (2PM-SCR) framework earlier developed from the literature. Four matrices have been developed to define the relations between the three main constructs of supply chain resilience: risks, KPIs, and capabilities. Sampling technique The number and content of interviews was based non-probability sampling techniques; Purposive (Judgmental), and Snowball sampling. The initial participant sample is based on the participants interest to participate in the research. In purposive sampling, participants were selected based on pre-selected criteria which will best enable the researcher to answer the research questions. Thus, purposive sampling ensures adequate representation of important themes. Then each interviewee was asked towards the end of the interview whom they may think would be suitable for a similar interview and who may be knowledgeable about the phenomena (snowball sampling). Thus, recommendations will be taken from people who know people who know that they are suitable for similar lines on questioning around the research framework. Purposive sampling represents a group of different non-probability sampling techniques. Also known as judgmental, selective or subjective sampling, purposive sampling relies on the judgement of the researcher when it comes to selecting the units (e.g., people, cases/organisations, events, pieces of data) that are to be studied. Usually, the sample being investigated is quite small, especially when compared with probability sampling techniques. In purposive sampling technique, the suitable interview participants were identified through industry contacts after they have been assessed based on the following criteria as stated earlier: The sample should be from the FMCG industry covering any of the FMCG categories such as (Food, Home, Personal Care, Agriculture, Retail, Medicinal Herbs, Bakery, Beverages, Dairy products, fast food) The company must be at least medium-sized (From 10 to 249 Employee) or Large-sized (Greeter than 249 Employees). SC manager interviewed must have a level of experience of more than 5 years. Company Type / Function ( Manufacture Distributor Supplier Retailer) To cover at least 3 categories of FMCG The sample should provide access to its key information (primary data) In application to my research, two informal meetings were conducted with experts from the SC Council Middle East Chapter based in Egypt. I was recommended to look for 35 companies from the FMCG that have appropriate SC activities. So I have emailed all the 35 companies and I have got 25 responses out of the 35 that were willing to participate in my research. From those 25 companies, 5 companies were neglected because either their SC activities are very limited or the people involved in the SC activities have less than 5 years of experience which will subsequently give a lack of understanding of the issue of y research. After the 25 companies were chosen, snowball sampling was obtained by asking participants to suggest someone else who was appropriate for the study. For example, Americana Olives SC manager was asked to suggest other companies which could contribute to the research, he recommended Americana Cakes SC manager. Nevertheless, based on the researcher knowledge and judgement , some companies were found to be not suitable for this research. In order to have a good sample to the research, 30 companies have been chosen that apply to the criterias that previously stated. The companies were selected by taking into consideration their position in the FMCG SC (i.e. supplier/manufacturer/distributor/retailer). It is essential to have companies that are continuously managing their SC in order to get a deeper understanding of the risks and different problems that face the entire network. The companies shall continuously manage their SC and be medium sized or big companies. Its important to get interviews with people with the right competence within the company in order to get the most insight from the interviews. Each expert who participated in the interview had direct involvement of the respective SCM position in MER and they all had direct work experience in supply chain for more than 10 years which indicates the high level of skills, in the field of supply chain. The choice to use a smaller number of cases were deliberate as it makes it possible to have  a more in depth study of the cases and is in this case more suitable. All interviewees were contacted over the phone by explaining the research topic, research questions, objectives and purpose of the interviews, in order to obtain their consent to participate in the interviews. All interviews were conducted on-site and were audio recorded with the consent of participants for word-for-word transcribing purposes. One interview was on average of 1.5 to 2 hours in duration. More information about the interviews will be discussed in the next section. The data collection will help in generating theory by jointly collecting data and analysing them to be the building block of the iterative conceptual model. Saunders et al. (2009) suggest to continuingly collect qualitative data such as by conducting additional interviews, until data saturation is reached; in other words until the additional data collected provides few, if any, new insights. In this study, interviews were conducted with 30 companies in the FMCG industry. Moreover, to cover different sectors in the industry; such as diary, food, retailers, and healthcare. Interviewing the 30 companies helped to gain adequate information to be able to generalize the findings. Apparently, there was an intention to involve a larger sample size since different participants might have different opinions and perceptions. But as the same time, if a large sample is used, data becomes repetitive (Glaser and Strauss, 1967). This is called the saturation point when the collection of new data wont add further insight to the research performed. The idea of data saturation in studies is important; nevertheless, it does not provide a practical guide for when this point has been touched (Guest et al., 2006). Moreover, authors argued that analysing interview results can be one of the methods that help to figure out the point at which data saturation has been attained (Bernard, 2012). Thus, owing to the exploratory nature of this research, saturation was not less below the 30 companies interviewed since new risks, capabilities, and KPIs were explored based on the companys place in the network (i.e. supplier/manufacturer/distributor/retailer) and the category of FMCG underneath the company falls. Empirical data collection After setting the criteria for the companies that could be part of this research, it has been assured that each SC manager who participated had direct involvement of the respective SCM position in MER and they all had direct work experience in SC for at least five years which indicated the high level of skills in the field of SC as previously stated in the previous section. The 30 companies have experience in SC shown in Table 4.1 representing manufacturing, supplier, distribution and retail sectors in MER. The category, country, company, size, level of experience, and the type of the company are shown in the columns of Table 4.1. The number of employees column provides an indication of the company size. In other words, the sample consists of mid and large scale companies with various business natures. Moreover, an interview template (see Appendix 1) was developed and used for this study and there was always freedom for participants to express their ideas with respect to the context being discussed. For further details about the background of the companies please check Appendix 1. Table 4.1: Summary of the companies involved in the empirical phase Category Country Interview with Food 8 Multinational 15 Supply chain top and middle management 5 Home and Personal Care 1 Local 15 Supply chain top management 25 Food and Personal Care 1 Company Size Type Agriculture 1 Medium-sized 2 Manufacture Distributor 13 Retail 4 Large-sized 28 Manufacture Distributor Supplier 10 Agriculture and Medicinal Herbs 1 Experience Manufacturer 1 Food and Bakery 1 More than 15 years 10 Retailer 4 Beverage 2 More than 10 years 9 Manufacture Retail 2 Dairy 5 More than 20 years 3 Medicinal Herbs 1 More than 5 years 6 Fast Food 2 More than 25 years 2 Dairy and Cheese 3 Conducting interviews The interviews were conducted in person to over a period of 15 months from May 2015 to August 2016. Interview times ranged from 90 minutes to 120 minutes, depending on the interviewees schedule and availability. Ethical issues have been considered as stated earlier through gaining informed consent and making confirming that the interview data will be treated as confidential to be used only for research purpose. Thus, a permission of audio recording the interviews was asked for in the beginning of the interview. The audio files were highly useful to help transcribe all interviews word-for-word in order to reduce the biasness and increase the reliability and validity of the research by obtaining confirmation for each transcription from respective interview participant. Moreover, this was because taking notes during the interviews might cause the researcher to lose focus of important data. Additionally, notes taking consume time due to interview time limitation. The researcher started the interview by introducing himself and giving an overall brief about the research conducted. Then, respondents were free to express themselves on any question asked. The interview template consists of nine sections (See Appendix 1). It starts with general questions asking about the company and the interviewee, then general specific SC questions are asked to know an overview of how the network looks like. Then, the researcher gets more specific sections to ask about the four main SC functions; purchasing, warehousing, planning, and logistics. The last three sections are concerned about the risks that the company faces, and a section asking about the risks facing the entire SC, and a final section questions regarding the SC resilience awareness, SC capabilities and resilience KPIs. After each question, the researcher confirmed with the interviewees about the meaning of their answers to make sure that the answers are well understood. Moreover, asking open-ended questions gave the interviewees to incorporate more data, themes, and attitudes towards some issues that may be useful while analysing the data collected. However, the intention of the interview questions was not just to confirm the important factors in the literature but rather to discover other new factors to be able to refine the 2PM-SCR conceptual framework pre-developed earlier. Data analysis process Qualitative data analysis consists of identifying, coding, and categorizing patterns or themes found in the data. The analytical skills of the researcher highly affects the clarity and relevance of the findings. Consequently, these skills would be either a great strength or weakness of any qualitative based research. However, it is crucial that the researcher reports and documents the analytic processes and procedures fully and truthfully so that others can evaluate the credibility of the researcher and their findings (Braun and Clarke, 2006). The Qualitative analysis process as proposed by Creswell (2009) starts by data collection and management, then the raw data are organized to be coded and described, after that comes the stage of conceptualization, classifying, categorizing, and identifying themes to be connected and interrelated together. At last, it is the interpretation process by creating explanatory accounts that provide meanings to the identified themes. The data collected through semi-structured interviews were qualitative data of participants opinions and ideas on the subject being discussed. Each interview audio file was transcribed word- for-word in order to avoid missing any element from the responses given by the interview participant. The analysis of the data started with some prior knowledge, initial analytic interests and thoughts. The transcription process was also an excellent way for the researcher to begin the process of familiarizing themselves with the interview data and creating meanings from them. According to Bird (2005), transcription is a key phase of data analysis within an interpretative qualitative methodology. The majority of the recorded interviews were first translated from Arabic into English and then transcribed. Therefore, during this stage, I had the opportunity to immerse myself in the collected data to the extent that he was familiar with the depth and breadth of the content. Afterwards, transcripts were carefully edit ed to clean them from irrelevant phrases which were not relevant to the interview topic. A combination of two qualitative data analysis methods have been used (see Figure 4.1) to analyse the cleaned transcripts: thematic analysis (Tharenou et al., 2007; King and Horrocks, 2010) and comparative analysis (Miles and Huberman, 1994; Dawson, 2002). The thematic analysis has been used to allow new SC resilience themes (i.e. capabilities, KPIs and risks in this case) to emerge by coding openly and to confirm existing themes from the transcripts and documents, whilst comparative analysis method has been used to examine the set of themes across the 30 companies to detect the strength of evidence from empirical data (Dawson, 2002; Tharenou et al., 2007). The coding step comprised 3 key activities: identifying and confirming the themes of what, how, why and with-what for the risks, capabilities, and KPIs based on the frequency of occurrence of empirical data support from the 30 companies. Then the categories were derived and the findings were associated to relevant categories/topic s in order to increase the understanding of integrative work on SC resilience. Finally, the initial conceptual framework was refined, by integrating and summarizing the empirical findings. Since there was a high volume of interview data, NVIVO software was used in this research because it has various advantages, such as reducing the manual tasks and giving more time to discover tendencies, recognize themes and derive conclusions (Wong, 2008). Figure 4.1: Qualitative Data Analysis steps Integrating thematic and comparative analysis methods Thematic analysis and comparative analysis were used in order to analyse qualitative data collected through semi-structured interviews with SC managers from the 30 FMCG Companies. The themes were identified through coded data and categorized using thematic analysis. Therefore, thematic analysis should be seen as a foundational approach for qualitative analysis and can be defined as an approach that is used for identifying, extracting, analyzing and reporting patterns (themes) within the collected textual materials and then organizing and describing those themes in detail (Braun Clarke 2006). The step of generating the initial codes started when the researcher had become familiar with the data through the generation of an initial list of ideas about what was in the data and what was interesting about them. The QSR NVIVO was used to perform the second step of the data analysis. This was done by grouping and naming selections from the text within each data item. As suggested by Braun and Clarke (2006), the researcher coded as many potential themes and patterns as possible as it is never possible to know what might become of interest later on. The result of this step was a long list of the different codes that the researcher had identified across the data. In searching for themes, there was a need to re-focus the analysis at a broader level than had been undertaken with the codes. This required sorting and organizing all the different relevant codes into potential themes. This step ended when a collection of possible themes and sub-themes was generated, together with related codes. A thematic map was then refined to consider whether the collated codes for each theme appeared to form a coherent pattern, whether the individual theme was valid in relation to the entire data set, and if the thematic map accurately reflected the meanings evident in the data set as a whole (Braun Clarke 2006). After the step of searching for themes, the researcher came up with a set of themes. Throughout the analysis, the researcher identified a number of themes following the three phases underlined by King and Horrocks (2010): [1] Descriptive coding (first-order codes): the researcher classifies the transcribed data from the interviews that allocates descriptive codes and help in answering the research questions. [2] Interpretative coding (second-order themes): The descriptive codes allocated which seems to carry common meaning are grouped allocated are grouped and an interpretive code is created. [3] Defining overarching themes (aggregate dimensions): Overarching themes that can describe the main concepts in the analysis are identified. In application to this research, the second-order themes were identified using first-order codes, and they were categorized as aggregated dimensions to reveal the main categories of risks, capabilities, and KPIs. The comparative analysis is closely connected to thematic analysis (Dawson, 2002) and used with thematic analysis in this research. Using this method, data from different companies is compared and contrasted and the analysis continues until finding got saturated from the data collected. Comparative and thematic analyses are frequently used together within the same research data analysis, through moving backwards and forwards between transcripts, memos, notes and the literature in order to confirm the themes emerged through thematic analysis (Dawson, 2002; King and Horrocks, 2010). Comparative analysis was used to confirm the second-order themes discovered in the empirical findings for the three main SC constructs (risks, capabilities, and KPIs) to identify the similarities, agreements, and dis-agreements across the 30 companies interviewed. Consistent with the scaling structure adopted by Rihoux and Ragin (2008) shown in Table 4.2, the second-order themes are counted based on how frequently is referred to in the empirical data. Triple ticks (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡Ãƒ ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡Ãƒ ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡) represent strong evidence, double ticks (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡Ãƒ ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡) represent average evidence, single tick (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡) represents weak evidence, and no ticks represent no evidence supported. Table 4.2: Scales used for comparative analysis Scale Symbol Frequency ofoccurrence No evidence [blank] Zero Weak evidence à ¢Ã…“â€Å" Between 1 and 4 (1à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤xà ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤4) Average evidence à ¢Ã…“â€Å"à ¢Ã…“â€Å" Between 5 and 8 (5à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤xà ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤8) Strong evidence à ¢Ã…“â€Å"à ¢Ã…“â€Å"à ¢Ã…“â€Å" More than or equal 9 (9à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤x) Source: Rihoux and Ragin (2008) Empirical findings that have been presented in narrative discussion above, will be analysed with existing studies. The purpose of this analysis is to examine whether evidences confirm, unconfirmed or existing studies. comparative analysis used  particularly to confirm the discovery of knowledge determinates and knowledge flows  (in the knowledge network model) revealed through thematic analysis. Empirical findings from stage one The most common way of writing up the thematic  analysis is to describe and discuss each overarching theme in turn, stating examples from the data and using quotes to facilitate theme characterisation.Braun and Clarke  (2006) argue that the aim of compiling the thematic analysis is not merely a descriptive  summary of the content of the theme, but rather building a narrative that informs the  reader how research findings have cast light upon the issue in hand. Moreover, Symon  and Cassell (2012) highlighted that whatever approach is selected, the use of direct  quotes from the participants is necessary. These quotes should normally include both  short quotes to aid the understanding of specific points of interpretation and more  extensive passages would provide readers a flavour of the original texts.

Nicholas: The Last Tsar :: essays research papers

In his book, The Last Tsar, Edvard Radzinsky describes a very interesting viewpoint of the life and death of Nicholas Alexandrovich, the last Russian Tsar. Radzinsky's illustration of this ill-fated monarch follows the diaries of Nicholas from their beginning on March 1, 1881, to the final entry on July 16, 1918.1 Radzinsky mainly goes over pre-marital relationship between Nicholas and Alexandra, the medical condition of Nicholas' son, Alexei, and the imprisonment and execution of Nicholas and his family. The relationship between Nicholas II and Alexandra began in 1884. Alexandra, the daughter of Louis IV, the Grand Duke of Hesse-Darmstadt, a tiny state in Germany, was born in 1872.2 Her grandmother was Queen Victoria of England, her oldest sister married an English prince, her second sister married a Russian Grand Duke and her third sister married a German prince. Nicholas and Alexandra met during the wedding of her second sister, Ella, to Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich. Alexandra was only twelve and Nicholas was only sixteen, but he stated in his diary that he fell in love with her a first sight. Nicholas' father, Tsar Alexander III, did not approve of Alexandra, because of the fact that she was the granddaughter of the English Queen. Instead, he suggested that Nicholas marry a princess from the House of Orleans. His decision was basely mainly on politics, as he was striving for an alliance between Russia and France. Alexander's suggestion did not have any effect on Nicholas, as he seemed certain to marry his childhood sweetheart, Alexandra. That day came in 1894, when Alexander was on his deathbed, suffering from a kidney disease that he had contracted in a train wreck six years earlier. On April 8, 1894, at the wedding of Alexandra's brother, her and Nicholas were engaged.3 On November 14, 1894, a month after the death of his father Nicholas married Alexandra and officially became the tsar of Russia.Alexei Nikolaevich, the first son of Nicholas and Alexandra was born on July 30, 1904, following the births of four daughters. The problem of who would rule Russia in case of an accident to Nicholas was solved. However, there was a new problem, as Alexei was diagnosed with hemophilia. Hemophilia is a disease that weakened the walls of the arteries so that "any blow or intense pressure can cause the blood vessels to burst and can mean the end."4 Rumours of a holy man, named Grigory Rasputin, however, living in the backwoods of Siberia gave rise to Alexander's hopes that her son's hemophilia could be cured.

Hr Management

I will look into the current employment legislation that organizations are faced with in regards to recruitment, (HOC) adopts, considering how I can make appropriate recommendations to improve the process as a whole as well as keeping the process compliant with the legislation. Investigate personnel requirements and undertake a Job analysis for an identified post. The importance of recruiting the right caliber of people for an organization is essential for many reasons, decreasing staff turnover, organizational costs, morale in existing workforce and the overall added value to organizational strategy and goals.Whilst I was researching which potential vacancy to use as the basis for completing this assignment, I immediately thought of a vacancy within the HER department that would be described as business critical to the HOC, the position is HER Pensions Administrator. The Requirements of the HER Pensions Administrator The post is the only resource allocated to pensions administration in the HOC, with a responsibility for compliance with legislative requirements, HEMP regulations and for compliance with the requirements of the Pensions Regulator.It is a standalone post, tit day to day responsibility for the administration of the pension agreements for over 1500 members, as well as liaising with the local Government Pension Schemes which we have inherited. They are also responsible for providing first line support to the Secretary of the Trustees, including day to day management of scofflaws, investment arrangements and liaison with the Scheme Actuary and other professional advisors. The peashooter is responsible for processing HOC Scheme joiners and leavers and is first point of contact for scheme members in relation to all ensign enquiries.They are also responsible for ensuring that all Scheme benefits (normal, retirements, Ill health retirements, death in service and other early retirements) are calculated accurately and paid in a timely manner. Taking the fin dings from the Job analysis and the information gathered by the different techniques used, I concluded that the reasons above explain why this specific post is business critical to the organization and that the post holder requires specific technical skills and experience needed to fulfill the entirety of the Job successfully.To investigate exactly what this post entails and to complete my Job analysis, I exercised a few different techniques to obtain the information required; Interview – I set up an informal interview with the post holder to capture a good background of the Jobs expectancies, who the main stakeholders/customers are and how stressful a job it is. This technique was the most helpful when putting together my Job Description and Personal Specification, as I was able to establish the main pinch points, as well as the most important requirements needed for this particular post.Observation – I thought shadowing the post holder would be way of attaining the J ob from a practical aspect. I found this to be an particularly worthwhile technique to gain more information I require for my Job analysis, you really get a feel of the day to day tasks involved, the conversation's you have with customers/stakeholder, the pressures of the Job and how this post fits in with the other departments within the organization.Diaries, Logs and Journals – This post requires an extremely organized proactive person, there are a number of ‘pinch' points that are critical to the post and low chart as an example of the type of tasks involved. (Please refer to Appendix 1). Job Description for HER Pensions Administrator and Personal Specification – Please refer to Appendix 2 For the Personal Specification I chose to use a well-known system known as ‘Rogers Seven Point Plan (1970)' as well as Hack's competencies to outline what the ideal person for the Job would be.Personal specifications have to be prepared and used carefully. In particula r, it is important to ensure that the essential or desired competencies do not lead to unlawful discrimination against potential applicants. Examine Employment legislation with regards to recruitment Evaluate current employment legislation as it affects recruitment and selection of personnel The Equality Act came into play on 1 October 2010, its main aim was to make the framework more efficient, simpler and more consistent at how employers can prevent discrimination.There have been recent changes to the act to make it much more streamlined and to strengthen the law on equality overall. The Equality Act covers the following groups of legislation * age * disability * gender reassignment * race religion or belief * sex * sexual orientation * marriage and civil partnership * pregnancy and maternity The list of groups above are now known as the ‘Protected Characteristics' I will now chose a selection of the groups above and explain how they impact the recruitment and selection in m y organization.Disability â€Å"Disability in employment terms refers to physical or mental impairment which has a substantial and long-term adverse affect on a person's ability to carry out normal day-to-day activities. † (CHIP Recruitment & Selection) As the HOC is a public sector odd, we as a HER department or even on a wider scale, the organization as a whole has a duty of care to be as compliant with all forms of law and legislation. If we are found that we are not compliant we would have to answer to the Unions as well as the Government itself.It would also leave us open for grievances and tribunals that can destroy an organizations reputation as an employer. The HOC are members of the ‘Two Ticks' Positive about Disabled People Scheme, this is where a disabled person is guaranteed an interview if they meet the minimum criteria for the Job. Its main aim it to stop the recruiting managers/employers using disability as a disadvantage to potential candidates. In our p rocess we incorporate into the short- listing stage so that the recruiting managers are aware of which applicants have with a note at the bottom to advising or should I say reminding them of best practice.If they do meet the minim criteria and therefore invited to interview, we then ask the candidate if there are any reasonable adjustments we need to make to accommodate them at the interview stage so no one is disadvantaged in any way. For example, we ad a candidate who was dyslexic, met the essential criteria and invited for interview. As it was quite a high profile Job, they we required to attend an assessment day. In order to make it a fair assessment we made reasonable adjustments to give the candidate more time when reading and completing certain tasks.I do think that HOC as an employer adheres to the scheme and certainly takes it very seriously. Although, I would go a step further and suggest that we (HER) keep the copy of the highlighted form and send the recruiting manager a short-listing form without the disabled antedates highlighted (if any). That way there will be no way the recruiting manager can indirectly discriminate or think they have a duty to short-list the disabled candidates even if the criteria has not been met.Age Discrimination The Age Discrimination Act is there to protect people of all ages. When advertising as an employer we have to take age discrimination into account, we make sure we avoid words such as young and dynamic' as this may indicate that we are looking for someone of a certain age. Even the placement of an advert needs to be Justified, if oh place an advert in a publication or website that only a certain age group look at that may be seen as indirect discrimination.Therefore, when writing Job adverts for the HOC we focus on the skills attributes needed to fulfill the Job. We use the same methodology through to the selection process, at no point to we ask the candidate their age or D. O. B or direct any question or referen ce to the subject. This is to ensure that all candidates are treated fairly as possible and to give every candidate equal opportunity for being selected. Pregnancy & Maternity This protects women during pregnancy and throughout her Maternity and to any statutory Maternity leave she is entitled to.An employer is not allowed to discriminate against you if pregnant or on maternity leave, examples of this type of discrimination are; * For asking to take time off to attend ante-natal classes * because you are unable to do your Job during your pregnancy for health and safety reasons * because you asked to take maternity leave or you are on maternity leave. * By not giving you what you are entitled to whilst pregnant or on maternity leave If n employee feels they have been treated unfairly because of being pregnant or on maternity leave they could raise a grievance or submit a claim too tribunal.In the few years of being in the HER profession, this is a subject that crops up more often tha n others and can be quite a delicate matter to deal with in some instances. The HOC has gone through a number of changes in the last 5 years, and we as HER professionals need to respond to any changes with internal and external factors that affect us, but most importantly legislation. In order for us to meet the expectations of he legislation we ensure the following; * Perform a Health & Safety risk assessment as soon as we are advised of the pregnancy * KIT days (Keep in Touch Days – 10 of which you are entitled to when on maternity leave). Advise and notify the and 32 weeks half pay with SMS * Flexi-time * Job protection during a restructure whilst pregnant or on maternity leave * Informs an employee of any training and development opportunities available * Full 33 holiday entitlement as well as any bank holidays added to the maternity leave To add to the situation there has been a new developments with The Children's and implies Bill. The Bill was presented to Parliament o n 4th February this year and has been selected to be will carried forward into 2014.The bill seeks to reform legislation such as; Statutory rights to leave and pay for parent's and adopters, time off work for ante-natal care and the right to request flexible working. There are many factors that the HER team need to consider that can affect the recruitment process and how effective it is, which meaner a good planned recruitment and selection system is very important to the employment of the right people. Hr Management Case Incident 1 MOTIVATION IN THE HONG KONG POLICE FORCE Would you be interested in working as a hong kong police officer ? why or why not? I would be interested in working as a hong kong police officer because the keenness to boost the morale and motivation through appreciation and encouragement. To how many examples in this case can you apply motivation theories? Grant the commissioner of police's certificate of academic merit1 internal and external award schemes that emphasize positive reinforcement instead of punishment. 3 Grant the bravery awards. One may argue that the recipients of the honors and awards are only a fraction of all police officers. Suggest other effective ways to motivate the police officers. Although pay is not the primary factor driving job satisfaction, it is a motivator. Establish a pay structure (Internal ; External Pay Equity). – Establish Variable-pay programs (Merit-Based Pay). Pays for individual performance based on performance appraisal results . If appraisals are designed correctly, workers performing at a high level will get more pay. Case Incident 1 TOYOTA'S TEAM CULTURE Do you think Toyota has succeeded because of its team-oriented culture, or do you think it would have succeeded without it? Indeed. This is because Toyota structures its work around team.They are not used only in the production process but also at every level and in every function: Sales and marketing, finance, engineering, design and executive level. Do you think you would be comfortable working in Toyota’s culture? Why or why not? Yes, Because. Toyota’s culture seems to excel with this strategy of team orienting. Apparently, the CEO has a culture where he is not the mega star behind the scenes, but by his employees working collectively in team efforts are achieving high level of outcomes if all the levels of the organization.In response to the recession and the firm's first-ever quarterly loss, Toyota's managers accepted a 10 percent pay cut in 2009 to avoid employee layoffs. Do you think such a response is a good means of promoting camaraderie? What are the risks in such a plan? Layoffs can lead to stress and guilt for employees who stick around. That means reduced productivity and higher health care costs for the company. And cutting is expected to increase the number of layoffs in the coming year. Hr Management I will look into the current employment legislation that organizations are faced with in regards to recruitment, (HOC) adopts, considering how I can make appropriate recommendations to improve the process as a whole as well as keeping the process compliant with the legislation. Investigate personnel requirements and undertake a Job analysis for an identified post. The importance of recruiting the right caliber of people for an organization is essential for many reasons, decreasing staff turnover, organizational costs, morale in existing workforce and the overall added value to organizational strategy and goals.Whilst I was researching which potential vacancy to use as the basis for completing this assignment, I immediately thought of a vacancy within the HER department that would be described as business critical to the HOC, the position is HER Pensions Administrator. The Requirements of the HER Pensions Administrator The post is the only resource allocated to pensions administration in the HOC, with a responsibility for compliance with legislative requirements, HEMP regulations and for compliance with the requirements of the Pensions Regulator.It is a standalone post, tit day to day responsibility for the administration of the pension agreements for over 1500 members, as well as liaising with the local Government Pension Schemes which we have inherited. They are also responsible for providing first line support to the Secretary of the Trustees, including day to day management of scofflaws, investment arrangements and liaison with the Scheme Actuary and other professional advisors. The peashooter is responsible for processing HOC Scheme joiners and leavers and is first point of contact for scheme members in relation to all ensign enquiries.They are also responsible for ensuring that all Scheme benefits (normal, retirements, Ill health retirements, death in service and other early retirements) are calculated accurately and paid in a timely manner. Taking the fin dings from the Job analysis and the information gathered by the different techniques used, I concluded that the reasons above explain why this specific post is business critical to the organization and that the post holder requires specific technical skills and experience needed to fulfill the entirety of the Job successfully.To investigate exactly what this post entails and to complete my Job analysis, I exercised a few different techniques to obtain the information required; Interview – I set up an informal interview with the post holder to capture a good background of the Jobs expectancies, who the main stakeholders/customers are and how stressful a job it is. This technique was the most helpful when putting together my Job Description and Personal Specification, as I was able to establish the main pinch points, as well as the most important requirements needed for this particular post.Observation – I thought shadowing the post holder would be way of attaining the J ob from a practical aspect. I found this to be an particularly worthwhile technique to gain more information I require for my Job analysis, you really get a feel of the day to day tasks involved, the conversation's you have with customers/stakeholder, the pressures of the Job and how this post fits in with the other departments within the organization.Diaries, Logs and Journals – This post requires an extremely organized proactive person, there are a number of ‘pinch' points that are critical to the post and low chart as an example of the type of tasks involved. (Please refer to Appendix 1). Job Description for HER Pensions Administrator and Personal Specification – Please refer to Appendix 2 For the Personal Specification I chose to use a well-known system known as ‘Rogers Seven Point Plan (1970)' as well as Hack's competencies to outline what the ideal person for the Job would be.Personal specifications have to be prepared and used carefully. In particula r, it is important to ensure that the essential or desired competencies do not lead to unlawful discrimination against potential applicants. Examine Employment legislation with regards to recruitment Evaluate current employment legislation as it affects recruitment and selection of personnel The Equality Act came into play on 1 October 2010, its main aim was to make the framework more efficient, simpler and more consistent at how employers can prevent discrimination.There have been recent changes to the act to make it much more streamlined and to strengthen the law on equality overall. The Equality Act covers the following groups of legislation * age * disability * gender reassignment * race religion or belief * sex * sexual orientation * marriage and civil partnership * pregnancy and maternity The list of groups above are now known as the ‘Protected Characteristics' I will now chose a selection of the groups above and explain how they impact the recruitment and selection in m y organization.Disability â€Å"Disability in employment terms refers to physical or mental impairment which has a substantial and long-term adverse affect on a person's ability to carry out normal day-to-day activities. † (CHIP Recruitment & Selection) As the HOC is a public sector odd, we as a HER department or even on a wider scale, the organization as a whole has a duty of care to be as compliant with all forms of law and legislation. If we are found that we are not compliant we would have to answer to the Unions as well as the Government itself.It would also leave us open for grievances and tribunals that can destroy an organizations reputation as an employer. The HOC are members of the ‘Two Ticks' Positive about Disabled People Scheme, this is where a disabled person is guaranteed an interview if they meet the minimum criteria for the Job. Its main aim it to stop the recruiting managers/employers using disability as a disadvantage to potential candidates. In our p rocess we incorporate into the short- listing stage so that the recruiting managers are aware of which applicants have with a note at the bottom to advising or should I say reminding them of best practice.If they do meet the minim criteria and therefore invited to interview, we then ask the candidate if there are any reasonable adjustments we need to make to accommodate them at the interview stage so no one is disadvantaged in any way. For example, we ad a candidate who was dyslexic, met the essential criteria and invited for interview. As it was quite a high profile Job, they we required to attend an assessment day. In order to make it a fair assessment we made reasonable adjustments to give the candidate more time when reading and completing certain tasks.I do think that HOC as an employer adheres to the scheme and certainly takes it very seriously. Although, I would go a step further and suggest that we (HER) keep the copy of the highlighted form and send the recruiting manager a short-listing form without the disabled antedates highlighted (if any). That way there will be no way the recruiting manager can indirectly discriminate or think they have a duty to short-list the disabled candidates even if the criteria has not been met.Age Discrimination The Age Discrimination Act is there to protect people of all ages. When advertising as an employer we have to take age discrimination into account, we make sure we avoid words such as young and dynamic' as this may indicate that we are looking for someone of a certain age. Even the placement of an advert needs to be Justified, if oh place an advert in a publication or website that only a certain age group look at that may be seen as indirect discrimination.Therefore, when writing Job adverts for the HOC we focus on the skills attributes needed to fulfill the Job. We use the same methodology through to the selection process, at no point to we ask the candidate their age or D. O. B or direct any question or referen ce to the subject. This is to ensure that all candidates are treated fairly as possible and to give every candidate equal opportunity for being selected. Pregnancy & Maternity This protects women during pregnancy and throughout her Maternity and to any statutory Maternity leave she is entitled to.An employer is not allowed to discriminate against you if pregnant or on maternity leave, examples of this type of discrimination are; * For asking to take time off to attend ante-natal classes * because you are unable to do your Job during your pregnancy for health and safety reasons * because you asked to take maternity leave or you are on maternity leave. * By not giving you what you are entitled to whilst pregnant or on maternity leave If n employee feels they have been treated unfairly because of being pregnant or on maternity leave they could raise a grievance or submit a claim too tribunal.In the few years of being in the HER profession, this is a subject that crops up more often tha n others and can be quite a delicate matter to deal with in some instances. The HOC has gone through a number of changes in the last 5 years, and we as HER professionals need to respond to any changes with internal and external factors that affect us, but most importantly legislation. In order for us to meet the expectations of he legislation we ensure the following; * Perform a Health & Safety risk assessment as soon as we are advised of the pregnancy * KIT days (Keep in Touch Days – 10 of which you are entitled to when on maternity leave). Advise and notify the and 32 weeks half pay with SMS * Flexi-time * Job protection during a restructure whilst pregnant or on maternity leave * Informs an employee of any training and development opportunities available * Full 33 holiday entitlement as well as any bank holidays added to the maternity leave To add to the situation there has been a new developments with The Children's and implies Bill. The Bill was presented to Parliament o n 4th February this year and has been selected to be will carried forward into 2014.The bill seeks to reform legislation such as; Statutory rights to leave and pay for parent's and adopters, time off work for ante-natal care and the right to request flexible working. There are many factors that the HER team need to consider that can affect the recruitment process and how effective it is, which meaner a good planned recruitment and selection system is very important to the employment of the right people.